Combining health and social protection measures to reach the ultra ...

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13 + 1*- HIV/AIDS (see Global Fund below)
12 + 1*- Malaria (see Global Fund below)
8 Health policies and systems
7 Chagas’, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, lymphatic
filariasis – individually or in combination with each other
6 Microbicides
5 + 1* Tuberculosis (see Global Fund below)
5 Vaccines of the poor
4 Onchocerciasis and/or trachoma
3 Micronutrients/Vitamin A
3 Reproductive health
2 Dengue
1 Communicable diseases – prevention through hand
washing with soap
1* The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
1 Guinea worm
1 Hookworm
1 Lassa fever
1 Leprosy
1 Meningitis
1 Polio
1 Schistosomiasis
1 Tetanus
Source: Extracted from data found on the website for Initiative on Public Private
Partnerships for Health, www.ippph.org, accessed 1-8 February 2006.
Table 1: Number of partnerships with associated disease or issue
3. Advocacy and policy. The third type of PPP concentrates
on health policies and systems and advocacy. Most of
the partnerships that fall in this advocacy and policy
category however, also have some technical, access, or
product development component as well for example,
GAVI, Drugs and Neglected Diseases inititative (DNDi),
Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), SIGN.
Of the 78 active partnerships, the number of partnerships
that focus on certain diseases or health policy issues is set out
in Table 1. Categorization is not an exact science as
partnerships may deal in any combination with product
distribution, product development, and/or policy and health
systems issues between or among various diseases.
Twenty-four public-private partnerships devote the majority
of their efforts to developing medicines, vaccines, or
diagnostics for diseases of developing countries including
malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, leishmaniasis, and others
collectively referred to as “neglected diseases” (see Figure 2).
Of the 24 PPPs for Product Development, 9 are devoted to
developing medicines and/or microbicides, 11 are committed
to vaccine development, one is focused on diagnostic
products, and three are involved with the development of a
combination of medicines, vaccines and/or diagnostics. Five
partnerships focus exclusively on reproductive health issues,
four focus on malaria and two are committed to tuberculosis
and HIV/AIDS respectively.
Current situation with regard to PPPs for
health
There were early perceptions and criticism that these
partnerships would lead to distortion of national policies and
public health funding, parallel systems of drugs supply etc.
However these have been largely dispelled through
programme evaluation and assessments which have shown a
positive impact – although it is true to say that many of the
partnerships are still too young to measure real impact.
The raised awareness and stimulation of research and
development on drugs/prevention for neglected diseases has
certainly changed the field over the last seven years. There is
now a very crowded landscape of PPPs, particularly in a few
sectors as illustrated by Figure 3, which has changed
considerably since the early partnerships were formed. Most
of the neglected diseases are addressed by at least one PPP
providing research and development, drugs and technical
support and/or some funding.
The recent analysis of drug development for neglected
5
4
3
2
1
0
1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
1984–2004
Figure 2: Number of Public-Private Partnerships for Product Development created by year from 1984 to 2004
Extracted from partnership database found on website for Initiative on
Public-Private Partnerships for Health, www.ippph.org, accessed various
times December 2004.
134 ✜ Global Forum Update on Research for Health Volume 4