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Innovation 60 % of enterprises 50 40 30 20 10 0 Denmark Ireland South Africa Belgium Sweden Estonia United Kingdom Portugal Spain France Poland Figure 5: Share of enterprises with innovation activities (%) 2002–2004 engineering and technology interventions for health is quite encouraging and this might be explained by the fact that this type of innovation is encouraged within the South African context. Innovation In addition to the Research and Development Survey, the South African Department of Science and Technology also commissioned the South African National Innovation Survey 2005 10 . This survey found that nearly 52% of the enterprises surveyed reported innovative activities. The 52% of enterprises which reported technological innovation activities, comprising both products (goods and services) and process innovations, is at the same level as that recorded in Denmark and Ireland and slightly more than Belgium (51%) and Sweden (50%) (Figure 5). Companies have to be innovative in order to keep abreast of developments in health innovation – this innovative energy should then be channelled towards appropriate research that addresses the complex needs of our changing society. This competitiveness is a key to economic survival in an increasingly globalized world. In order to stimulate the biotechnology industry and innovation in South Africa, a specific biotechnology strategy was developed with the aim to focus on those areas where there is likely to be a comparative advantage in biotechnology, as well as to establish new programmes and technology platforms that will harness existing national scientific and technological competencies. It is believed that biotechnology can make an important contribution to our national priorities, particularly in the area of human health (including HIV/AIDS, malaria and TB), food security and environmental sustainability. This National Biotechnology Strategy is one of the building blocks of a wider health innovation strategy. Conclusion Based on this brief analysis of the South African Health Innovation scenario, it is clear that a more specific health innovation strategy needs to be developed to address all the aspects of health innovation and that, although some attention is paid to research and development, the commecialization aspects thereof need to be encouraged in order to ensure that South Africa can be more competitive in health innovation. ❏ Glaudina Loots is the Manager for Health Innovation at the Department of Science and Technology in South Africa; she concentrates on enabling research and innovation that leads to the discovery and evaluation of new drug and treatment regimes, the development of new vaccines and new robust diagnostics for the identified diseases or conditions, as well as the development of medical devices. She is also responsible for the South African Women in Science Awards, as well as addressing issues pertaining to gender and disability in the Science, Engineering and Technology sector in South Africa. She currently acts as a strategic advisor to the newlymerged University of Limpopo. 080 ✜ Global Forum Update on Research for Health Volume 4
Innovation References 1. Morel C et al. Health Innovation in Developing Countries to Address Diseases of the Poor. Innovation Strategy Today, 2005, 1(1):1-15. www.biodevelopments.org/innovation/index.htm 2. Global Forum for Health Research. Monitoring Financial Flows for Health Research, Volume 2, 2004. Global Forum for Health Research, Geneva. 3. World Report on Knowledge for Better Health, 2004, p.17. 4. National Research and Development Strategy. Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology. South Africa, 2002. 5. National Research and Development Foresight Project: Health Sector Working Group Report. Pretoria, Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology. South Africa, 1998. 6. Bradshaw D. Burden of Disease, 2001. Medical Research Council. 7. Health Systems Trust. Health Statistics, 2005. http://www.hst.org.za/healthstats/79/data 8. StatsSA. Statistical release: P0441, 2006. Gross Domestic Product: Annual estimates: 1993 – 2005. Pretoria, StatsSA. 9. Boshoff N & Mouton J. A profile of researchers and research production in health research in South Africa, 2006. Unpublished contract research report: Centre for Research on Science and Technology, University of Stellenbosch. 10. http://www.hsrc.ac.za/HSRC_Review_Article-55.phtml 11. National Biotechnology Strategy, Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology. South Africa, 2001. Global Forum Update on Research for Health Volume 4 ✜ 081
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Global Forum Update on Research for
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Editorial Advisory Board: Luis Gabr
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Contents 096 Child immunization: ac
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Introduction Research contributions
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Introduction Type I Type II Type II
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Introduction making), takes account
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Access to health Strengthening heal
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Access to health raising public awa
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Access to health Recent trends in r
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Access to health districts with a p
Page 21 and 22: Access to health Understanding heal
Page 23 and 24: Access to health This study investi
Page 25 and 26: Access to health References continu
Page 27 and 28: Access to health combining particip
Page 29 and 30: Access to health 2002 2005 Diff. SU
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Page 33 and 34: Access to health Americans think th
Page 35 and 36: Access to health threatening and se
Page 37 and 38: Access to health References 1. Worl
Page 39 and 40: Access to health Open access to res
Page 41 and 42: Access to health References 1. Rose
Page 43 and 44: Access to health national and globa
Page 45 and 46: Access to health Senior Research Fe
Page 47 and 48: Access to health ✜ Rights alone a
Page 49 and 50: Access to health meaningful communi
Page 51 and 52: Access to health Inequality, margin
Page 53 and 54: Access to health questions, develop
Page 55 and 56: Access to health reasonable in abou
Page 57 and 58: Access to health References 1. Kohn
Page 59 and 60: Access to health The diverse pathwa
Page 61 and 62: Access to health 2001, WTO ruled th
Page 63 and 64: Access to health knowledge and educ
Page 65 and 66: Access to health References 1. Lee
Page 67 and 68: Innovation 076 Towards the developm
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Page 87 and 88: Innovation Being healthy: the role
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Page 91 and 92: Innovation The role of Knowledge Tr
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Page 103 and 104: Research resources Nursing research
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Page 107 and 108: Research resources The need to deve
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Page 115 and 116: Research resources A new landscape
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Research resources Partnership dyna
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Research resources that many public
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Research resources compounds from m
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Research resources References 1. So
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Decision-making Delivering evidence
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Decision-making Equitable access: g
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Decision-making years’ experience
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Decision-making Policy-makers Compl
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Decision-making interview studies),
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Decision-making References 1. Haine
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Decision-making reviews in this fie
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Decision-making Inequities in healt
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Decision-making Deaths Crude death
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Decision-making Group I Group II Gr
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Decision-making Low- and middle-inc
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Decision-making Europe and Central
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Decision-making Europe and Central
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Decision-making References 1. Banni
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Decision-making irresponsible-to be
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Decision-making Several strategies
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To achieve better health, particula
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