Vol 44 # 2 June 2012 - Kma.org.kw

June 2012
KUWAIT MEDICAL JOURNAL 94
Fig. 3: “Barrel vault” dome tibial osteotomy performed proximal to
the tibial tuberosity
Fig. 4: “Ball and socket” dome tibial osteotomy performed distal to
the tibial tuberosity
of the tibia combined with division of the fibula had
been done in Liverpool since 1928 [28] . The surgeons
who practised it at that time usually had to deal with
deformity of the knee in adults, as a consequence of
childhood rickets.
The standard textbooks of the first half of the 20 th
century did not discuss realignment. Arthur Steindler,
Paul Collanna, and Willis Campbell did not even
refer to tibial osteotomy for treatment of painful
osteoarthritis of the knee [29] . Osteotomy for treatment
of osteoarthritis of the knee in modern English
literature was first reported by Jackson in 1958 at the
Joint Meeting of the Orthopedic Associations [12] . In
1961, Jackson and Waugh were the first to publish their
results on the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee
with a tibial osteotomy [13] . They reported that they
were inspired by the success of an intertrochanteric
osteotomy for relieving pain in the osteoarthritic hip.
The operation had been performed both in Liverpool
and other centers, and there were published results
relating to its use in the treatment of the osteoarthritic
knee joint [13] . Jackson and Waugh described “balland-socket”
dome tibial osteotomy performed distal
to the tibial tuberosity for osteoarthritis (Fig. 4). In
1961, Smillie [14] reviewed his experience of linear
osteotomy of the tibial table for the correction of genu
recurvatum, genu varum and genu valgum deformities
of epiphysial origin. He performed the osteotomy
about one centimetre below the articular surface and
concluded that there were possible applications for his
operation in selected cases of osteoarthritis. In 1962,
Wardle [15] published his results of a tibial osteotomy
done transverse and about four inches distal to the
tibial tubercle. In 1964, Gariepy [16] described high
tibial valgus osteotomy, a closing wedge technique
performed proximal to the tibial tubercle that was
further modified and popularized by Coventry in his
classic paper published in 1965 [17] . This technique has
not been modified since it was first reported by Gariepy
in 1960 [30] . Various other forms of closing wedge
osteotomy have also been described [20,21] . Wagner [20]
in 1977, described an oblique metaphyseal proximal
tibial osteotomy just below the tibial tubercle.
A medial opening wedge osteotomy proximal to
the tibial tubercule was first applied in 1951 by Debeyre
et al [31] for MCOA. In 1987 Hernigou et al [19] published
a 10 - 13 year follow-up of 93 patients operated on
with this technique. Puddu et al [32] and Lobenhoffer
and Agneskirchner [3] described a modified opening
wedge osteotomy in 2000. Turi et al [33] developed the
technique of progressive opening wedge osteotomy
by hemicallotasis in 1987, and this method was
subsequently modified by other authors [5,6,34,35] . This
osteotomy can be performed above the tibial tubercle
or at its distal part.
The dome or curviplane high tibial osteotomy was
introduced by Blaimont [31] in 1969 and popularized
by Maquet [18] in 1976. He described a “barrel vault
osteotomy” similar to the “ball-and-socket” osteotomy
of Jackson. However, this osteotomy is proximal to the
tibial tubercle. It is semicylindrical, and its concavity is
downward, circumscribing the tibial tuberosity. Paley
and Tetsworth [36] , in a detailed analysis of advances in
the diagnosis and treatment of lower limb deformities