A Guide to Primary Care of People with HIV/AIDS - Canadian Public ...

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A Guide to Primary Care of People with HIV/AIDS Chapter 8: Symptom Management 8 mass can be measured using mid-arm circumference. Specific dietary deficiencies should be addressed, vitamin and mineral supplements should be prescribed, and high-calorie protein-containing foods should be recommended. In the patient with a low CD4 count (
A Guide to Primary Care of People with HIV/AIDS Chapter 8: Symptom Management DIARRHEA What are the common causes of diarrhea in patients with HIV? The main causes of diarrhea are related to either infections or medications. Infectious diarrhea can be caused by a number of organisms, dependent on the patient’s CD4 cell count (see Table 8-8). Nelfinavir (NFV) is the antiretroviral drug most commonly associated with diarrhea. All the PIs can cause diarrhea. Didanosine (ddI) is the nucleoside most associated with diarrhea, but diarrhea is less common when the enteric coated (EC) form is used. Metformin, a drug used for treatment of lipodystrophy syndrome and diabetes, commonly causes diarrhea. Table 8-8. Infectious Causes of Diarrhea in Patients with HIV Any CD4 cell count (acute diarrhea) Viruses (especially Norwalk virus) Clostridium difficile (previous antibiotic exposure) Salmonella spp Shigella spp Campylobacter spp Any CD4 cell count (chronic diarrhea) Clostridium difficile Giardia lamblia CD4 count
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Edited by John G. Bartlett, MD Laur
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