Outline of Quino Recovery Plan - The Xerces Society

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We greatly appreciate the numerous individuals who, over the course of years, contributed to the conservation of the Quino checkerspot butterfly and the development of this recovery plan including members of the Recovery Team, Greg Ballmer, Ken Osborne, and David Faulkner. This draft recovery plan was prepared by Alison Anderson of the Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office with the assistance of Brenda McMillan and Nancy Kehoe. Tony McKinney, Stacey Love, Ed Turner, and Emilie Luciani assisted and advised on the use of the Geographic Information System (GIS) capabilities and development of Recovery Unit maps. Other Fish and Wildlife Service staff, including Eric Hein, Christopher Nagano, Mark Elvin, Doug Krofta, Ken Berg, Andy Yuen, Nancy Gilbert, Jim Bartel, Michelle Shaughnessy, Susan Wynn, and Karin Cleary-Rose, have also contributed to the species’ conservation and recovery. iii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Current Status: The Quino checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas editha quino, Quino checkerspot) is federally listed as endangered. This taxon occurs in San Diego and Riverside Counties and several localities in Baja California Norte, Mexico. Although some habitat is under public ownership, no known Quino checkerspot habitat complexes are entirely protected, and the species continues to decline throughout its range. Habitat Requirements and Limiting Factors: The Quino checkerspot is found in association with topographically diverse landscapes that contain low to moderate levels of nonnative vegetation. Vegetation types that support the Quino checkerspot are coastal sage scrub, open chaparral, juniper woodland, forblands, and native grassland. Soil and climatic conditions, as well as ecological and physical factors, affect the suitability of habitat within the species’ range. Urban and agricultural development, invasion of nonnative species, habitat fragmentation and degradation, increased fire frequency, and other humancaused disturbances have resulted in substantial losses of habitat throughout the species’ historic range. Conservation needs include protection and management of suitable and restorable habitat; habitat restoration and enhancement; and establishment of Quino checkerspot captive breeding program. This plan identifies six Recovery Units. Recovery Units are geographically bounded areas containing extant Quino checkerspot populations that are the focus of recovery actions or tasks. Recovery Units contain both lands that are considered essential to the long-term conservation of the Quino checkerspot (e.g., networks of suitable habitat patches and connecting lands) and lands that are not considered essential (i.e. lands not used by the butterfly such as urban development). Recovery Priority: 6C, per criteria published in the Federal Register (48 FR 43098; September 21, 1983). The priority is based on its being a subspecies (rather than a full species) with a high degree of threat, a moderate to low potential for recovery, and existing conflict between the species’ conservation and development. Objectives: The overall objective of this recovery plan is to reclassify the Quino checkerspot to threatened and ensure the species’ long-term conservation. iv
Page 1 and 2: QUINO CHECKERSPOT BUTTERFLY (Euphyd
Page 3: DISCLAIMER Recovery plans delineate
Page 7 and 8: temporal and geographic patterns of
Page 9 and 10: 9) Manage activity on trails where
Page 11 and 12: A. References .....................
Page 13 and 14: Figure 1. Quino checkerspot butterf
Page 15 and 16: Insert Figure 3 4
Page 17 and 18: Euphydryas chalcedona. At the same
Page 19 and 20: The Quino checkerspot butterfly pri
Page 21 and 22: natural lands are absent, by costly
Page 23 and 24: connectivity that may have existed
Page 25 and 26: Mexico. Another recent record is lo
Page 27 and 28: dwarf plantain (Plantago erecta) ca
Page 29 and 30: Diapausing Euphydryas editha larvae
Page 31 and 32: not possible below about 16 degrees
Page 33 and 34: 1994, Rausher 1982). Singer et al.
Page 35 and 36: prediapause secondary hosts are imp
Page 37 and 38: population of prediapause larvae. L
Page 39 and 40: does not necessarily mean that smal
Page 41 and 42: although it is not clear whether th
Page 43 and 44: Dezzani 1998, Stylinski and Allen 1
Page 45 and 46: Consumption of nonnative plants by
Page 47 and 48: per year) (Bytnerowicz et al. 1987,
Page 49 and 50: y almost 100 miles, and shifted the
Page 51 and 52: Conservation Plan. Several other pl
Page 53 and 54: Plan in July of 1996. No extant Qui
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G. Recovery Strategy The survival a
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Along with protecting habitat, equa
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In areas targeted for Quino checker
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checkerspot habitat community. Area
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ovata), fiddleneck (Amsinckia spp.)
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(Collinsia concolor) occurs in smal
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This Recovery Unit is located in so
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ut research is needed to determine
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within the proposed Recovery Unit i
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occupancy. Most of the upper canyon
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Insert Figure 5 64
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Insert Figure 7 66
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Insert Figure 9 68
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The number of known occupied habita
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C. Recovery Task Narrative Priority
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1.2.1. Enhance or restore landscape
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should include, degree of nonnative
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11. Protect the remaining undevelop
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Boughton, D. A. 2000. The Dispersal
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Ecological Impacts on the Golden St
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Malo, J. E., and F. Suarez. 1995. C
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Ecology Taking Flight: Butterflies
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Thomas, C. D. and I. Hanski. 1997.
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B. Personal Communications Bauer, D
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Definitions and Abbreviations Used
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IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE FOR QUINO C
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APPENDIX I Quino Checkerspot Butter
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APPENDIX II Habitat Restoration Met
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• Cut thatch and dead nonnative p
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Native Plants for Habitat Restorati
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y Quino checkerspot, generalist pol
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Salvaged topsoil can also be used f
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Costs associated with removing that
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cover is quite different from the g
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APPENDIX III The Annual Forbland Hy
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APPENDIX IV Glossary of Terms Diapa
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Outline of Quino Recovery Plan - The Xerces Society

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