FINLAND & PALESTINE Proceedings of a Joint Workshop

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_---..~-------.---.---------",ikkoi.ouhIVlJ()rf A ground plan of the remains of Qasr Tuba in the desert of east Jordan (photo on the right) is also a large enclosure that could be interpreted as an Umayyad complex intended for travelers and pilgrims. It would have been on a trade route assumed to connect to the East, possibly with Iraq, Mecca and Medina, instead of Jerusalem. These, and other such Umayyad structures for travelers, are, in my opinion, a much better explanation to the southern courtyard at Qasr Hisham. Indeed, there is nothing in the general architecture or arrangement of the rooms, or in the rather mundane small finds, that would force one to accept the original interpretation that this was a palace built for the private pleasures of the mighty Umayyad caliphs. IS 18 There has been discussion on the function of the Umayyad desert castles and who built them. See for example: Bacharach, J. L. "Umayyad Building Activities: Speculations on Patronage." Muqornos 13 (1996)27-44. But, to my 19
The Identification ofthe So-Called Hisham's Another Umayyad structure provides a point of comparison to Qasr Hisham. It, too, seems to have been a caravanserai. It is a large, rectangular (66 x 73 m) Umayyad building at Khirbet al Minyeh south of the Sea of Galilee. 19 There, an inscription of al-Walid ibn Abd-el-Malik (ruled 705-715) indicates an earlier 8 th century date for the original construction of the site. No decorative art has survived from thereO Identification of a later Mamluk caravanserai and an Ottoman khan, Kh. Minya, nearby on the way from Damascus, give weight to the suggestion that the Umayyad "palace" of al-Minyeh was also built to serve travelers and pilgrims, especially as it included a bath and a mosque. Both the trade route passing al-Minyeh, and the one leaving north from al-Mafjar, may have passed Beth Shean (Beisan in Arabic), where an Umayyad mansion, and other evidence of Umayyad actiVity, has been discovered. 21 knowledge, the palace identification of Qasr Hisham has not been previously challenged in studies of Umayyad architecture. 19 F. Bloch, Studien zur spaetantiken und is/amischen Keramik: Hirbat a/-Minya - 8aalbek -Resala (Orient Archaeologie 18; Rahden: Marie Leidorf, 2004). 20 Kh. al-Minyeh is, unfortunately, in a bad state of preservation. It was studied 1932-37, with the results of the last season published by O. Puttrich-Reignard, "Die Palast-Anlage von Chirbet el-Minje: Ein Vorbericht ueber die Ergebnisse der im Fruehjahr u. Herbst 1937 u. im Fruehjahr 1938 durchgefuehrten 3. u. 4. Grabungskampagne auf Chirbet el-Minje bei Tabgha am See Genezareth," Palaestina-Hejte des Deutschen Vereins vom Heiligen Lande 17-20 (1939) 9-29. In 1959 excavations in the western part of the enclosure established the stratigraphy in this area O. Grabar, J. Perrot, B. Ravani, M. Rosen, "Sondages a Khirbet el-Minyeh," lEi 10 (1960) 226-43. They noticed signs of a Mamluk caravanserai, indicating that a trade and pilgrimage route passed here. We may safely assume that, also in the original Umayyad building group, there was a caravanserai, mosque and a bath. The Ottoman caravanserai Khirbet Minya was serving travelers on an important Damascus-Cairo route. 21 0 . Sion, "A Mansion House from the Late Byzantine-Umayyad Period in Beth Shean-Scythopolis," Liber Annuus, Studium 8iblicum Franciscanum 52 (2002) 353-367. 20
Page 2 and 3: :!: Foundation • of the Finnish I
Page 4 and 5: CONTENTS Forward ..................
Page 6 and 7: Forward • • This publication is
Page 8 and 9: Seminar Finland-Palestine 22-23 Nov
Page 10 and 11: Finland's support through bilateral
Page 12 and 13: Finnish Orientalists • • Dr. Mi
Page 14 and 15: uried when the Romans destroyed it.
Page 16 and 17: excellent and the locals called her
Page 18 and 19: The Identification of the So-Called
Page 20 and 21: over a thousand years, while, elsew
Page 22 and 23: The basic framework for the interpr
Page 24 and 25: The three main structures in the gr
Page 28 and 29: Conclusion The Umayyad Empire was r
Page 30 and 31: • ____ Mikko LouhIvuori Bloch, F.
Page 32 and 33: Palestine Research of Hilma Granqvi
Page 34 and 35: ------------------ Riilla I!iOtaIo
Page 36 and 37: • Along with her initial topic Gr
Page 38 and 39: Hilma Granqvist got her doctoral de
Page 40 and 41: death. Nevertheless, Granqvist neve
Page 42 and 43: Notes Aalto, Pertti, Oriental Studi
Page 44 and 45: Palestine in Finnish Media A Bro
Page 46 and 47: .----------------------------------
Page 48 and 49: The third positive aspect was that
Page 50 and 51: they know if their husbands are tak
Page 52 and 53: Development of Relations Between th
Page 54 and 55: ._---------------------------------
Page 56 and 57: •..-.--....-~-~-... ~......--- ..
Page 58 and 59: also tries to keep these organizati
Page 60 and 61: had some contacts to Arab Christian
Page 62 and 63: e__-----.-.-.--.--- _~____ Hartt! T
Page 64 and 65: shop Qufity, and Catholic apostolic
Page 66 and 67: .------_._._----- MI1rtti Tuhkanen
Page 68 and 69: ______________ Martti Tutlkanen - S
Page 70 and 71: • They want to have contact with
Page 72 and 73: Advocacy What we in Finland could d
Page 74 and 75: The Development of the EU's Politic
Page 76 and 77:
ing factors may include the need fo
Page 78 and 79:
------ ______ . ___~_ Flora Kurtkll
Page 80 and 81:
capacity to act is derived, both, f
Page 82 and 83:
• ___~___ Flora Kurikkal8 ing of
Page 84 and 85:
Bibliography Adler, Emmanuel (1997)
Page 86 and 87:
Reflections on Finnish-Palestinian
Page 88 and 89:
Ms. Eija Rotinen was the second Fin
Page 90 and 91:
.- .__.__ .._ .. 0111 RuohotrJIIkI
Page 92 and 93:
.._ OIli Ruohomliki technical ass
Page 94 and 95:
.------ OIli Ruohornaki asking wh
Page 96 and 97:
Visions of a Real Multiculturalism:
Page 98 and 99:
Hannu JuusoIa Circassian minorities
Page 100 and 101:
- _____________ HannlJJutJSOla tobe
Page 102 and 103:
• Hilnnu JIJlJSOIa As pointed out
Page 104 and 105:
.-..-~_________.____..___.. ______~
Page 106 and 107:
know both languages. Swedish may al
Page 108 and 109:
Despite these significant differenc
Page 110 and 111:
--- ___ Hannu JUlISOIa Bibliography
Page 112 and 113:
Women's Role in Building a Society
Page 114 and 115:
.e--------~"---- women's movement i
Page 116 and 117:
1. The right to initiate divorce; 2
Page 118 and 119:
---------------_.... _-- reliable
Page 120 and 121:
• _~_._____ Sylvia Ak4r struggle
Page 122 and 123:
-.----------------- candidates an
Page 124 and 125:
SylviaAkar 1. Equal salary for equa
Page 126 and 127:
• colonial societies. They challe
Page 128 and 129:
The One-State, One-Society Option:
Page 130 and 131:
• _____._.___._.__._.____.~.__.__
Page 132 and 133:
-- ""__ Khalil Nakhfeh 2. I am usin
Page 134 and 135:
e eligible to claim a "right of sel
Page 136 and 137:
• Palestinian acceptance that "Is
Page 138 and 139:
a "nationalityll and that they have
Page 140 and 141:
Fateh at the Crossroads: Opportuni
Page 142 and 143:
lead to the liberation of Palestine
Page 144:
~....-~..• -.------ LIIi1Y Shaban
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FINLAND & PALESTINE Proceedings of a Joint Workshop

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