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A detector array for high-energy photons from
reactions induced by relativistic RIBs is the CALIFA
calorimeter, which is designed to be a part of the R 3 B
system at FAIR. The high granularity of CALIFA will be
provided by thousands of CsI(Tl) scintillation detectors
arranged in a special geometry.
Figure 11. 1π section of the AGATA array comprising 45
encapsulated 36- fold segmented Ge- crystals in triple clusters.
neutron-rich nuclei. At JYFL it has been shown that the
recoil-decay-tagging method enables in-beam spectroscopy
of transfermium and proton drip-line nuclei.
The Advanced GAmma Tracking Array (AGATA) will
represent a breakthrough in instrumentation for highresolution
gamma-ray spectroscopy (Figure 11). The
first 4π gamma-ray spectrometer, solely built from Ge
detectors is based on the novel technique of gamma-ray
tracking and will be a key instrument in RIB experiments
at FAIR-NuSTAR and SPIRAL2 and will be capable of
handling the highest RIB intensities expected from
EURISOL. In the near future smaller AGATA sub-arrays
offering high energy and position resolution will be available
and combined with high-transmission magnetic
separators and spectro meters as well as other ancillary
detection systems.
High-energy gamma-ray and
charged particle calorimetry
Detection of high-energy gamma-rays and charged
particles is needed in studies of shape evolution and
shape-phase transitions with RIBs and high-intensity
stable-ion beams. The PARIS array, designed especially
for such studies, will be composed of advanced fast
scintillation detectors. It can be combined with AGATA
and charged-particle arrays and also with the next generation
recoil separator S3. A charged particle detector
array for such studies will be FAZIA, which can also be
combined with gamma-ray detector arrays.
Versatile instrumentation
for nuclear reactions
For comprehensive studies of light nuclei from the protonrich
to neutron-halo regime, a large variety of methods
and instruments is already being used. Reactions involving
short-lived RIB nuclei have to be performed in inverse
kinematics, which imposes a challenge, but also enable
novel techniques for kinematically complete measurements
to be employed.
In order to reach the most exotic species novel radioactive
and cryogenic targets need to be developed as
well as active target systems like ACTAR, where the gas
target is integrated with the particle detectors for studies
of trajectories of very rare low-momentum transfer
events. GASPARD and HYDE are particle-detector systems
designed for scattering experiments on light-ions
(p,d,…). Their compactness will allow the combination
with spectrometers and detectors for low- and highenergy
charged particles, neutrons and gamma-rays.
These systems will be employed for studies of a wide
range of nuclear structure physics including exotic light
systems, evolution of shell gaps, collective responses
of exotic nuclei as well as phenomena characteristic to
N = Z and proton-rich nuclei.
Recent studies of heavy ion transfer reactions have
largely benefited from the construction of the new
generation large solid angle spectrometers based on
trajectory reconstruction, such as PRISMA and VAMOS.
Figure 12. The system with the highest N/Z ever produced is 7 H.
It was identified as a resonance in the 8 He( 12 C, 13 N) reaction at 15
MeV/nucleon at GANIL. The active target MAYA was employed to
measure kinematical correlations of the reaction residues.
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