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3. Research Infrastructures and Networking
COMPASS at CERN: Physicists calibrating the mirrors of the RICH
detector.
is envisaged to run for another 5 years. The physics
programme will cover in particular:
• Tests of chiral perturbation theory.
• Measurements of generalised parton distributions.
• Measurements of Drell-Yan production.
INFN-LNF, Frascati, Italy
The Frascati National Laboratories (LNF) founded in
1955, are the oldest and largest laboratory of the National
Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) in Italy. They were
built to host the Electron Synchrotron (1.1 GeV), a worldleading
accelerator at that time. The first prototype of an
electron-positron storage ring ADA was then built, and
after that, the large electron-positron collider ADONE
(3 GeV in the centre of mass) led to the discovery of the
colour structure of the quarks. At ADONE, the very active
community pushed innovative techniques still in use
worldwide: monochromatic beams of bremsstrahlung
photons and the first Compton backscattered beam.
The current e + e - meson factory DAΦNE, at 1020 MeV
c.m. energy, has been operated for more than 10 years.
A broad physics programme ranging from the study of
CP and T violation in kaon decays to that of hypernuclei
and kaonic atoms has been pursued. The collider has
reached luminosities of 5 x 10 32 cm -2 s -1 , two orders of
magnitude larger than those of previous generation colliders.
One of the key-points for the luminosity increase
was the use of the Crab Waist (CW) collision scheme.
Because of this result, a new project of a Super-B factory
with luminosity as high as 10 36 cm -2 s -1 is being
developed.
More than 10 years of activity at DAΦNE, performed
at the KLOE, DEAR, FINUDA and SIDDHARTA experiments,
led to unprecedented results in some of the main
fields of nuclear research. The unique production of a
clean K - source from DAΦNE allowed detailed investigations
of hyper-nuclei with simultaneous measurements
of their formation and decay properties to investigate
the kaon-nucleon interaction and to obtain the isospin
dependent antikaon-nucleus scattering lengths, very
precise measurements of the shift and width of 1s-level
of kaonic atoms were made through the detection of
X-rays transitions. The study of the problems related to
the low energy K - -nucleus interaction made by FINUDA
has indicated the possible existence of Deeply Bound
kaonic States. These latter new interesting topics are
planned to be extensively investigated in the next years
at DAΦNE, and they represent one of the main future
activities of the laboratory.
A major upgrade of the DAΦNE accelerator aiming
at delivering in a few years more than 50 fb -1 at the Φ
resonance and successively about 5 fb -1 at a centre
of mass energy in the energy range 1GeV – 2.5 GeV, is
presently under investigation with a compelling scientific
case including the measurement of the nucleon form
factor in the time-like region.
At the same time, LNF pursues goals in different fields
of research: elementary and astroparticle physics, gravitational
waves, theoretical physics, multidisciplinary
activities using synchrotron radiation beams, and detector
and accelerator developments with the Beam Test
Facility of the DAΦNE LINAC.
Among the new projects, SPARC, the high brightness
electron beam driving the Self Amplified Spontaneous
Emission-Free Electron Laser (SASE-FEL) in the green
light, is now operating. The SPARC injector, in conjunction
with a very powerful infrared LASER (light pulse of
300 TW and 25 ft-1), will allow investigations into the
physics of plasma wave-based acceleration and the
production of X-rays via Compton back-scattering.
SPARC is also a test facility for the future X-ray based
project SPARX.
The hypernucleus experiment FINUDA (left) and exotic atoms
experiment SIDDARTHA (right) at DAΦNE.
26 | Perspectives of Nuclear Physics in Europe – NuPECC Long Range Plan 2010