Perspectives of Nuclear Physics in Europe - European Science ...

3. Research Infrastructures and Networking
• Moving the IGISOL facility to the new experimental
hall (served by both cyclotrons) will extend the discovery
potential to unexplored exotic nuclei, which
are important in explosive nucleosynthesis scenarios.
In addition, the planned charge breeding of trapped
ions will lead to unprecedented accuracy in mass
measurements for weak interaction tests in atomic
nuclei. A new laser-ion-source has been designed
for IGISOL to generate new low-energy radioactive
species.
• The new SAGE electron- and LISA charged-particle
spectrometers are novel systems to be combined
with JUROGAM and RITU for heavy element and rare
particle-decay studies, respectively. The advanced
MARA mass separator will open up new possibilities
in probing light proton drip-line nuclei.
KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands
The Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI) at the University
of Groningen is the only scientific accelerator laboratory
in the Netherlands. The central facility is presently the
superconducting cyclotron AGOR (K=600), which delivers
protons of up to 190 MeV energy and heavy ions up
to 90 MeV/nucleon ranging from deuterons to Pb. The
cyclotron can deliver heavy ion beams of several 100 W.
KVI further has a low energy ion beam facility for atomic,
condensed matter and bio-physical research, which
can deliver heavy ion beams up to 20 keV per charge
state. The KVI facilities are open to an international user
community.
Within the physics programme at AGOR, the TRIµP
(Trapped Radioactive Isotopes – µicro-laboratories
for fundamental Physics) facility has a central role.
Radioactive isotopes are produced in inverse kinematics
reactions with heavy ion beams from the AGOR cyclotron.
A magnetic separator splits off the primary beam
and unwanted reaction by-products. The isotope beam
is stopped in a thermal ionizer from where a low energy
ion beam is extracted. It is cooled in a gas filled radiofrequency
quadrupole (RFQ) device. Two beam ports
exist for ion trapping in Paul traps and for neutral atom
trapping in magneto-optic laser light traps. The TRIµP
setup has been completed in 2009 and it is exploited
by local scientists and international collaborations to
search for New Physics beyond the Standard Model.
The local scientific focus is on precision measurements
of fundamental symmetries and interactions in experiments
such as searches for permanent Electric Dipole
Moments (EDMs), precision measurements of Atomic
Parity Violation (APV) and accurate measurements of
correlations in nuclear µ-decays. High energy (MeV/
nucleon) mass selected radioactive isotope beams are
made available directly after the separator to the user
Setup for the TRIµP µ-decay correlation measurements.
community for one beam cycle per year. The AGOR
beams can also be used in combination with the Big Bite
Spectrometer (BBS) for nuclear structure research.
The AGOR cyclotron further has a widely used calibrated
irradiation facility where scientific and commercial
users employ proton and heavy ion beams to investigate
effects in material science and radiobiology. KVI has
a vital cancer research programme together with the
local university hospital (UMCG) and the Paul Scherrer
Institute (PSI). This includes irradiation of cell cultures
as well as of animals.
At KVI, astroparticle physics is conducted where radiodetection
of cosmic rays is developed in the national and
international context to complete the international Pierre
Auger Laboratory in Argentina.
The future plans of KVI include the upgrade of the
AGOR TRIµP facility towards beams of kW power and
the setup of a GeV compact linear electron accelerator
which can be combined with an undulator system to a
Free Electron Laser providing soft x-rays in the 0.5 nm
region for fundamental physics, materials science and
biological research in the water window.
COSY at FZ Jülich, Germany
The COSY facility at the Institut für Kernphysik (IKP)
of the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) is a worldwide
unique facility for the investigation of hadron physics with
hadronic probes. It comprises (i) sources for unpolarised
and polarised protons and deuterons, (2i) the injector
cyclotron JULIC, (3i) the cooler synchrotron to accelerate,
store and cool the proton and deuteron beams, and
(4i) internal and external detector systems, which use
them for experiments.
H- (D-)-ions are pre-accelerated up to 0.3 (0.55) GeV/c
in JULIC, injected into COSY via stripping injection, and
28 | Perspectives of Nuclear Physics in Europe – NuPECC Long Range Plan 2010