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4.6 Nuclear Physics Tools and Applications libraries. The relations between fundamental physicists and end-users (reactor physicists, medical physicists, engineers…) should be reinforced and clarified, for instance by establishing networks or organising regular meetings. Measurement of nuclear data and research in materials science often requires targets or samples of high isotopic purity, which may be radioactive. Questions regarding target sample availability, characterization, and, in the case of radioactive isotopes, manipulation and transportation, should be given sufficient attention and addressed at the European level. Coordination/ networking of target production facilities should be strongly encouraged and standardized procedures for transportation and handling foreseen. In view of radioactive isotope targets, concern is expressed about the situation of radiochemistry. Due to decreasing manpower and funding, the outstanding European expertise and knowledge in this field is in danger to be lost. Immediate action may consist in establishing a network of centres in which radiochemists are still active to serve needs of the nuclear physics community. Long term planning should include new Radiochemical Centres of Excellence providing education, training, and promotion of radiochemistry. Many of the small scale facilities as well as installations at large scale facilities are unique within Europe due to the special equipment or application they provide. In order to stay at the forefront, the support for these application oriented activities should be enforced. For public presentations or when arguing with funding agencies, Nuclear Physics facilities tend to present and emphasize the activities related to applications or to other domains. However, in many cases, groups working in these fields, in particular energy, health or material science have difficulties to obtain beam time. Therefore, beam time quota should be considered and/or dedicated Programme Advisory Committees should be installed. For future developments and to keep the European cutting-edge position it is strongly recommended to closer interlink the existing complementary equipment and areas of specialization provided by the many facilities. Networking between fundamental physicists and end-users (reactor physicists, medical physicists, engineers…) should be reinforced. European networks of infrastructures (for instance of IBA, and AMS or high-energy irradiation facilities) would also be useful to facilitate the transfer of technology and training personnel. Communication with medical doctors, climate scientists, environmental scientists, archaeologists, curators, and other potential beneficiaries of the nuclear techniques should be improved, through non-technical publications, outreach activities, and joint meetings. Most probably, one of the major contributions of Nuclear Physics to society is the human capital trained in basic Nuclear Physics techniques that is transferred to industry (in particular nuclear industry), medical centres, applied research organizations or governmental bodies linked to the different aspects of nuclear applications (as radioprotection and safety authorities), and that guarantees these organizations have the necessary expertise. 198 | Perspectives of Nuclear Physics in Europe – NuPECC Long Range Plan 2010
5. Annexes
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Forward Look Perspectives of Nuclea
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Contents Foreword 3 1. Executive Su
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Foreword The goal of this European
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1. Executive Summary 1.1.3 Objectiv
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1. Executive Summary structure and
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1. Executive Summary using slow ant
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1. Executive Summary The role of gl
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1. Executive Summary from the few-b
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1. Executive Summary Advances in nu
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1. Executive Summary and AMS or hig
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2. Recommendations and Roadmap EURI
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3. Research Infrastructures and Net
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4. Scientific Themes 4.1 Hadron Phy
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4.1.2 Basic Properties of Quantum C
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coupling can be applied. A key tool
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opportunity to determine the moduli
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A broad experimental programme has
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4.1.4 Hadron Spectroscopy Recent Ac
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Physics Perspectives There is a mul
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Global Perspective and Efforts In t
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The longest-range parts of these fo
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concentrate their efforts and conti
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4. Scientific Themes 4.2 Phases of
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tion of state would therefore deter
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an increase at the deconfinement te
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can be described with statistical h
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Box 3. Heavy ion fragmentation and
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Figure 7. Isotopic dependence of th
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energies so far did not find indica
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4.2.5 The High-Energy Frontier The
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Figure 10. Elliptic flow parameter
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elevant experimental and analysis r
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the same time being able to precise
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technology), a three-dimensional ar
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4. Scientific Themes 4.3 Nuclear St
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4.3.2 Theoretical Aspects Ab Initio
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the continuum, as done, e.g., in th
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Each of these extensions will open
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Halos, clusters and few-body correl
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Figure 3. Mirror Energy Differences
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Superheavy elements The existence o
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Figure 5. Gamma-ray spectrum of the
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The experimental evidence for the e
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4.3.7 Ground-State Properties Figur
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For nuclear astrophysics applicatio
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A detector array for high-energy ph
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and rejection power of separators.
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4. Scientific Themes 4.4 Nuclear As
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powers many of the objects we obser
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Hydrostatic burning Stars spend the
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Significant uncertainties remain fo
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nova ejecta (a few seconds). In thi
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have to be calculated. Current micr
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An improvement in the precision of
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a neutron. Application of the detai
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urning can be treated in such a sta
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Page 153 and 154: 4. Scientific Themes 4.5 Fundamenta
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Page 167 and 168: muon intensities. These could be ac
Page 169 and 170: 4.5.4 Properties of Known Basic Int
Page 171 and 172: Highly-charged ions The fourth dire
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Page 178 and 179: 4.6 Nuclear Physics Tools and Appli
Page 203 and 204: 5.1 Contributors Hartmut Abele (Wie
Page 205 and 206: 5.3 Acronyms and Abbreviations ADS
Page 207 and 208: Published by the European Science F
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