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1. Executive Summary and AMS or high-energy irradiation facilities). Networking between fundamental physicists and end-users (reactor physicists, medical physicists, engineers, etc.) should be strengthened. Communication with medical doctors, climate scientists, environmental scientists, archaeologists, curators, and other potential beneficiaries of the nuclear techniques should be improved through non-technical publications, outreach activities, and joint meetings. One of the central contributions of Nuclear Physics to society is the human capital trained in advanced techniques that is transferred to industry (in particular nuclear industry), medical centres, applied research organisations or governmental bodies linked to the different aspects of nuclear applications (as radioprotection and safety authorities). It is imperative to maintain this knowledge base to ensure that these organisations continue to have access to the necessary expertise. 18 | Perspectives of Nuclear Physics in Europe – NuPECC Long Range Plan 2010
2. Recommendations and Roadmap 2.1 Recommendations We wish to issue the following recommendations of how best to develop the field of Nuclear Physics in Europe in the next decade and beyond. ESFRI Facilities Complete in a timely fashion the construction of the Nuclear Physics facilities on the ESFRI list of large-scale research infrastructure projects in Europe: • FAIR at the GSI site in Darmstadt, including its four pillars, the PANDA experiment using antiprotons to study the structure and spectroscopy of strongly interacting particles (hadrons), the NuSTAR radioactive beam facility to produce nuclei far from stability and investigate their structure, the CBM experiment to measure the properties of dense baryonic matter, and the atomic, plasma, and applied physics programme APPA. • SPIRAL2 at GANIL in Caen, including high intensity stable beams which will allow the study of unstable nuclei at the S3 spectrometer, and ISOL radioactive beams of very neutron-rich fission products and studied, for example, at the DESIR facility. Major Upgrades Perform major upgrades of the following large-scale Nuclear Physics facilities, which complement each other regarding their physics scope and discovery potential: • HIE-ISOLDE at CERN, including its radioactive beam experiments. • SPES at INFN-LNL in Legnaro, including its radioactive beam experimental set-ups. • AGATA, the γ-ray spectrometer consisting of semiconductor detectors that will be used at the facilities SPES, HIE-ISOLDE, SPIRAL2 and FAIR. • The new Superconducting Linac for the provision of high-intensity stable beams at GSI to search e.g. for superheavy elements. ALICE • Upgrade the nuclear beams at the LHC and the ALICE detector to expand the physics reach for studying quark-gluon matter at CERN. Theory Strengthen theory support to experiment by developing the collaboration between national theory groups through new transnational programmes. • Strengthen the financial basis of the theoretical research infrastructure ECT* in Trento to increase its involvement in European theory initiatives. • Strongly support advanced studies related to the experimental roadmap and the improvement of the link between nuclear theory and Quantum Chromodynamics. • Invest in high-performance computing facilities dedicated to Nuclear Physics projects. Existing Facilities Fully exploit the currently existing large-scale research infrastructures (listed below in north to south order) and perform limited-size upgrades to ensure the best use of the large investments made in the past: • The lepton beam facilities (electron/positron, muon beams) ELSA in Bonn, MAMI in Mainz, COMPASS at CERN, DAΦNE at INFN-LNF Frascati, and the hadron beam facilities COSY at FZ Jülich and at GSI to perform detailed studies of the structure of hadrons such as protons and neutrons. • The heavy ion beam facilities JYFL Jyväskylä, KVI Groningen, GSI Darmstadt, GANIL Caen, IPN Orsay, ISOLDE at CERN, INFN-LNL Legnaro and INFN-LNS Catania to study the structure of nuclei and fundamental interactions. • The nuclear astrophysics underground accelerator LUNA at INFN Gran Sasso, and the exploration of advanced new facilities. • The ELENA upgrade of the Antiproton Decelerator at CERN to study antimatter. Fully exploit smaller scale national and university Nuclear Physics laboratories across Europe dedicated to nuclear structure and astrophysics experiments, fundamental interactions and nuclear applications. Applications and Education Secure and further develop the Nuclear Physics skills base in view of current and future needs, in particular regarding: • Novel developments in energy generation (nuclear fission and nuclear fusion), medicine (e.g. imaging and tumour therapy) and security. • Development of novel sources, (micro) beams, (high power) targets and radiation detection instrumentation that will also be used in other fields of science and engineering, and in the life sciences. Future Facilities Continue the scientific and technical assessments for building new large-scale Nuclear Physics facilities in the future, and specifically promote: • The inclusion of the high-intensity ISOL facility Perspectives of Nuclear Physics in Europe – NuPECC Long Range Plan 2010 | 19
Page 1 and 2: Forward Look Perspectives of Nuclea
Page 3 and 4: Contents Foreword 3 1. Executive Su
Page 5: Foreword The goal of this European
Page 8 and 9: 1. Executive Summary 1.1.3 Objectiv
Page 10 and 11: 1. Executive Summary structure and
Page 12 and 13: 1. Executive Summary using slow ant
Page 14 and 15: 1. Executive Summary The role of gl
Page 16 and 17: 1. Executive Summary from the few-b
Page 18 and 19: 1. Executive Summary Advances in nu
Page 22 and 23: 2. Recommendations and Roadmap EURI
Page 24 and 25: 3. Research Infrastructures and Net
Page 61 and 62: 4. Scientific Themes 4.1 Hadron Phy
Page 63 and 64: 4.1.2 Basic Properties of Quantum C
Page 65 and 66: coupling can be applied. A key tool
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4.1.4 Hadron Spectroscopy Recent Ac
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Physics Perspectives There is a mul
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Global Perspective and Efforts In t
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The longest-range parts of these fo
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concentrate their efforts and conti
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4. Scientific Themes 4.2 Phases of
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tion of state would therefore deter
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an increase at the deconfinement te
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can be described with statistical h
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Box 3. Heavy ion fragmentation and
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Figure 7. Isotopic dependence of th
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energies so far did not find indica
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4.2.5 The High-Energy Frontier The
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Figure 10. Elliptic flow parameter
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elevant experimental and analysis r
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the same time being able to precise
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technology), a three-dimensional ar
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4. Scientific Themes 4.3 Nuclear St
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4.3.2 Theoretical Aspects Ab Initio
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the continuum, as done, e.g., in th
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Each of these extensions will open
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Halos, clusters and few-body correl
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Figure 3. Mirror Energy Differences
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Superheavy elements The existence o
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Figure 5. Gamma-ray spectrum of the
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The experimental evidence for the e
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4.3.7 Ground-State Properties Figur
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For nuclear astrophysics applicatio
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A detector array for high-energy ph
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and rejection power of separators.
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4. Scientific Themes 4.4 Nuclear As
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powers many of the objects we obser
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Hydrostatic burning Stars spend the
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Significant uncertainties remain fo
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nova ejecta (a few seconds). In thi
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have to be calculated. Current micr
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An improvement in the precision of
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a neutron. Application of the detai
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urning can be treated in such a sta
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Currently, all stellar models study
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determination of abundance patterns
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4. Scientific Themes 4.5 Fundamenta
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This could be achieved at upgraded
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experiment that is currently being
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ut also scintillating bolometers as
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highest experimental sensitivities
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New time reversal invariant scalar
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due to the interference of photon a
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muon intensities. These could be ac
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4.5.4 Properties of Known Basic Int
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Highly-charged ions The fourth dire
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sponding force acts and α is a str
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ackground, call for upgrades of the
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4.6 Nuclear Physics Tools and Appli
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5.1 Contributors Hartmut Abele (Wie
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5.3 Acronyms and Abbreviations ADS
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Published by the European Science F
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