Daly City's Green Vision - City of Daly City

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Table 2.1 Greenhouse Gases Gas Chemical Formula Activity Global Warming Potential (CO 2 e) Carbon Dioxide CO 2 Combustion 1 Methane CH 4 Waste (Landfills, Wastewater), Fuel Handling 21 Combustion, Anaerobic Decomposition of Organic Nitrous Oxide N 2 O Combustion, Wastewater Treatment 310 Hydrofluorocarbons Various Leaked Refrigerants, Fire Suppressants 12–11,700 Aluminum Production, Semiconductor Perfluorocarbons Various Manufacturing, HVAC Equipment Manufacturing 6,500–9,200 Sulfur Hexafluoride SF 6 Transmission and Distribution of Power 23,900 2.2 Calculating Emissions LGOP outlines specific methods for quantifying emissions from local government activities. What methods a local government can use to quantify emissions vary largely by how it gathers data, and therefore what data were available. In general, emissions can be quantified in two ways. 1. Measurement-based methodologies refer to the direct measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from a monitoring system. Emissions measured this way may include those emitted from a flue of a power plant, wastewater treatment plant, landfill, or industrial facility. This method is the most accurate way of inventorying emissions from a given source, but is generally available for only a few sources of emissions. 2. Calculation-based methodologies refer to an estimate of emissions calculated based upon some measurable activity data and emission factors. Table 2.2 demonstrates some examples of common emissions calculations in this report. For a detailed explanation of the methods an emissions factors used in this inventory, see Appendix B. Table 2.2 Basic Emissions Calculations Activity Data Emissions Factor Emissions Electricity Consumption (kilowatt hours) CO 2 emitted/kWh CO 2 emitted Natural Gas Consumption (therms) CO 2 emitted/therm CO 2 emitted Gasoline/Diesel Consumption (gallons) CO 2 emitted /gallon CO 2 emitted Waste Generated by Government Operations (tons) CH 4 emitted/ton of waste CH 4 emitted 2005 Daly City Government Operations Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory 10
2.3 Reporting Emissions LGOP provides two reporting frameworks: reporting by scope and reporting by sector. This section defines the two reporting frameworks and discusses how they are used in this inventory. It also discusses the concept of “rolling up” emissions into a single number. This can assist local governments in communicating the results of the inventory and using the inventory to formulate emissions reductions policies. 2.3.1 The Scopes Framework For local government operations, LGOP categorizes emissions according to what degree of control local governments have over the emissions sources. These categorizations (developed by the World Resources Institute and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development) are called emissions scopes. The scopes framework helps local governments to: Determine which emissions should be inventoried. Organize emissions by degree of control and therefore the potential for reduction of these emissions. Avoid “double counting” of emissions, i.e., summing up of different emissions sources that may result in reporting these emissions twice. Figure 2.1 Emissions Scopes Source: WRI/WBCSD GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard (Revised Edition), Chapter 4. The emissions scopes are defined as follows: Scope 1: Direct emissions from sources within a local government’s operations that it owns and/or controls. This includes stationary combustion to produce electricity, steam, heat, and power equipment; mobile combustion of fuels; process emissions from physical or chemical processing; fugitive emissions that result from production, processing, transmission, storage and use of fuels; leaked refrigerants; and other sources. 2005 Daly City Government Operations Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory 11
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Daly City’s Green Vision A Climat
Page 3 and 4:
Chapter 1: Introduction While the s
Page 5 and 6: Chapter 2: Meaningful Action Alread
Page 7 and 8: Emissions Inventory - With grant fu
Page 9 and 10: Fleet Management - The City’s fle
Page 11 and 12: Goal 2 - Decrease Landfill Bound Wa
Page 13 and 14: vehicles when necessary and identif
Page 15 and 16: Goal 7 - Beneficially Reuse Wastewa
Page 17 and 18: Goal 10 - Seek to Achieve the Emiss
Page 19 and 20: Appendix A Daly City’s Leadership
Page 21 and 22: Pollution and Toxin Reduction Purch
Page 23 and 24: To the extent practicable, the City
Page 25 and 26: Operations Use of skylights to redu
Page 27 and 28: To the extent practicable, no clean
Page 29 and 30: Going Green Promoting Sustainabilit
Page 31: Appendix B Resolution Adopting the
Page 36 and 37: 2005 Daly City Government Operation
Page 38 and 39: Partners Joint Venture: Silicon Val
Page 40 and 41: Appendix A: The Local Government Op
Page 42 and 43: List of Figures ES.1 2005 Daly City
Page 44 and 45: This inventory is one of the first
Page 46 and 47: majority of the emissions, to get a
Page 48 and 49: Introduction Local governments play
Page 50 and 51: Figure 1.1 The Five-Milestone Proce
Page 52 and 53: for government operations. Recently
Page 58 and 59: Scope 2: Indirect emissions associa
Page 60 and 61: 2.3.3 Emissions Sectors ICLEI recom
Page 62 and 63: Inventory Results This chapter prov
Page 64 and 65: Sector Table 3.1 2005 Daly City Gov
Page 66 and 67: the City to reallocate limited fund
Page 68 and 69: Figure 3.5: Emissions from Major Fa
Page 70 and 71: In 2005, the operation of wastewate
Page 72 and 73: emissions coming off of the deposit
Page 74 and 75: greenhouse effect. As such, estimat
Page 76 and 77: Figure 3.8: Employee Commute Modes
Page 78 and 79: Figure 3.10: Interest in Alternativ
Page 82 and 83: fighting global warming—demonstra
Page 86 and 87: equirements, such as ICLEI’s Mile
Page 88 and 89: to estimate emissions from a given
Page 90 and 91: For the Silicon Valley Climate Prot
Page 92 and 93: GHG Emissions Summary (All Units in
Page 94 and 95: WASTEWATER FACILITIES (Chapters 6 a
Page 96 and 97: 4. Calculation Methodology Disclosu
Page 98 and 99: VEHICLE FLEET (Chapter 7) SCOPE 1 M
Page 100 and 101: To calculate emissions, the survey
Page 102 and 103: components of the waste stream. Was
Page 104 and 105: The appendices in this report inclu
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emissions type may have more than o
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Appendix D County of San Mateo 2005
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y ICLEI, is called the Five-Milesto
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e pass-through, inventorying emissi
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Measurement-based methodologies ref
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Table 3.1: 2005 Community Emissions
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Consider sector-specific targets. M
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Daly City's Green Vision - City of Daly City

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