Fortification of Vegetable oil and Sugar with Vitamin A in Uganda

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Figure 2.1: The Skewed-Right Cumulative Distribution of Oil and Sugar Apparent Consumption in Uganda, 2003 (in grams per adult equivalent per day); the data do not make adjustments for usual intake. Source: Elaborated by Marc-Francois Smitz using weighted UBOS Uganda HIES 2003 data. 6
HIES data offer opportunities to improve the selection and formulation of fortified foods. HIES data provide information that distinguishes between all food supplies and those that are purchased, thereby bringing greater precision to the analysis of the food quantity that is commercially accessible and thus characterized as being more “fortifiable.” These quantities can vary dramatically, which has important implications for a prospective economic feasibility study of fortification. The HIES distinguishes between those households that purchase some food and those that do not. This has important implications for prospective studies estimating the potential coverage of fortification. In the case of Uganda in 2003, for instance, 35 percent of households reportedly do not purchase sugar, 43 percent do not purchase vegetable oil, and 62 percent do not purchase maize. Thus, while it is common knowledge that “everyone” eats maize or maize products in Uganda, knowing that only 38 percent of Uganda households purchase it, means that maize flour is a much less attractive fortification vehicle in terms of coverage than sugar or oil. To exemplify the significance of this difference, we demonstrate the use of total population and total output for estimating individual consumption patterns: [(86,580 tons of edible oil & fats/year) / (27.6 million persons)] = 3.1 kg/person/year 3.1 kg/person/year = 8.5 grams per person per day From the HIES we know that only 57 percent of the population purchases vegetable oil. Substituting 57 percent of the population in the calculation: [(86,580 tons of edible oil & fats/year) / (15.7 million persons)] = 5.5 kg/person/year 5.5 kg/person/year = 15.1 grams per person per day This provides an estimated average apparent consumption per person per day that is 78 percent greater than the entire population-based estimate. The HIES data show that the consumption profile is skewed toward higher values inferring that a small portion of the population is eating more than the majority of the population (review Figure 2.1). However, like the food/nutrient surveys, extreme variation values should be corrected, to determine the usual consumption pattern rather than single estimates that may be highly affected by outliers. For example, Figure 2.1 shows the skewed distribution to the high values for oil and sugar consumption, estimated per adult equivalent. Nevertheless, the values between P-25 and P-75 may be useful to approximate the usual consumption distribution of those foods in the country in terms of adult equivalents. In any case, the difference between individuals with high consumption as compared with those with low consumption may be as high as 4 to 6 times in the mentioned range of distribution profile. Given the information void about individual consumption levels and using household purchases as its proxy, estimating the intra-household distribution of the household’s purchases of the vehicle in question is critical. The simplest approach uses HIES information about household size and implicitly assumes that all individuals in the household receive equal amounts of the food. This approach does not consider age or sex 7
Page 1 and 2: FORTIFICATION OF VEGETABLE OIL AND
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary
Page 5 and 6: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Fortification has
Page 7 and 8: 2. The Private Sector Cost of Forti
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER ONE I. Introduction A. Vita
Page 11 and 12: Timeline of Major Fortification Eve
Page 13: CHAPTER TWO II. Justification for F
Page 17 and 18: how to target other micronutrient i
Page 19 and 20: Each leads several activities of wh
Page 21 and 22: Micronutrient Producer (Foreign Cou
Page 23 and 24: Technical Committee, with largely t
Page 25 and 26: Table 3.3: Regulatory QA/QC Require
Page 27 and 28: ecome certified, companies submit a
Page 29 and 30: 4. The Laboratory of the Uganda Ind
Page 31 and 32: The Ugandan vegetable oil and fat i
Page 33 and 34: Table 4.1: Uganda Revenue Authority
Page 35 and 36: Mukwano uses a dilution process to
Page 37 and 38: Table 4.2: The Private Sector Plant
Page 39 and 40: Key findings about the prototypical
Page 41 and 42: ) Vegetable oil fortified with Reti
Page 43 and 44: Both managers are relatively new, h
Page 45 and 46: Table 5.1: Ugandan Sugar Imports, 2
Page 47 and 48: Most of the sugar production increa
Page 49 and 50: Percent of Each Mill's Acreage by T
Page 51 and 52: distillation equipment. USCTA repor
Page 53 and 54: 9. The equipment necessary for fort
Page 55 and 56: The data suggest that an important
Page 57 and 58: C. Governmental Investment Both oil
Page 59 and 60: A secondary audience of this study
Page 61 and 62: Terms of Reference For One or Two U
Page 63 and 64: Annex 2: Household Income and Expen
Page 65 and 66:
This can be useful information for
Page 67 and 68:
Annex 3: Adult Consumption Equivale
Page 69 and 70:
Annex 4 UIRI Analytical Laboratory
Page 71 and 72:
Annex 5 The GAIN/Uganda Grant One a
Page 73:
Annex 6: Comments of What is Not In
show all

Fortification of Vegetable oil and Sugar with Vitamin A in Uganda

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?