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324 Notes to Pages 230–32 port political messages with which they disagreed); Abood v. Detroit Bd. of Educ., 433 U.S. 915 (1977) (holding that teachers could not be forced to pay union fees to support political messages with which they disagreed). 136. Posting of Joseph Nye to The Huffington Post, Davos Day 3: Internet Privacy and Reputational Repair Sites, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/joseph-nye/davos-day-3-internet -pri_b_39750.html (Jan. 26, 2007, 18:14 EST). 137. Posting of Dan Meredith & Andy Golding to The Google News Blog, Perspectives About the News from People in the News, http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2007/ 08/perspectives-about-news-from-people-in.html (Aug. 7, 2007, 22:32). 138. ReputationDefender, http://www.reputationdefender.com (last visited June 1, 2007). ReputationDefender was started by a former student of mine, and I once served on its advisory board. The firm has itself been the subject of some controversy. See, e.g., Posting of Ann Bartow to Feminist Law Professors, Well, Those “ReputationDefender” Guys Certainly Are Well Connected, Anyway, http://feministlawprofs.law.sc.edu/p1671 (Apr. 8, 2007, 17:47). 139. Emily Nussbaum, Say Everything, N.Y. MAG., Feb. 12, 2007, available at http://nymag .com/news/features/27341/index1.html. 140. People aged fifty to sixty-four are almost twice as likely as young people to worry about privacy online. PEW RESEARCH CTR. FOR THE PEOPLE & THE PRESS, ONLINE NEW- COMERS MORE MIDDLE-BROW, LESS WORK-ORIENTED: THE INTERNET NEWS AUDI- ENCE GOES ORDINARY 24 (1999) available at http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/ 72.pdf. 141. Memorandum from Amanda Lenhart & Mary Madden, Research Fellows, Pew Internet & Am. Life Project, on Social Networking Websites and Teens: An Overview 2–5 (Jan. 7, 2007), available at http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_SNS_Data_Memo _Jan_2007.pdf; see also AMANDA LENHART & MARY MADDEN,TEENS, PRIVACY & ON- LINE SOCIAL NETWORKS, at v (Apr. 18, 2007), available at http://www.pewinternet .org/pdfs/PIP_Teens _Privacy_SNS_Report_Final.pdf (noting that 53 percent of parents of online teens have installed filtering software on home computers). 142. AMANDA LENHART & MARY MADDEN,TEEN CONTENT CREATORS AND CONSUMERS, at i–iii, 4‒5 (2005), available at http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Teens_Content _Creation.pdf. 143. Justin Berton, The Age of Privacy; Gen Y Not Shy Sharing Online—But Worries About Spying, S.F. CHRON., May 20, 2006, at A1. 144. LENHART & MADDEN, TEENS, PRIVACY, & ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS, supra note 141, at v (finding that “40% of teens with profiles online think that it would be hard for someone to find out who they are from their profile, but that they could eventually be found online.”). 145. 15 U.S.C. §§ 6502–6506 (2000). 146. The FTC provides updates on COPPA enforcement on its Web page. The agency has filed twelve cases since COPPA was enacted, and only one in the past three years. See FTC, Privacy Initiatives, http://www.ftc.gov/privacy/privacyinitiatives/childrens_enf .html (last visited June 1, 2007). According to one source, 77 percent of children aged eight to seventeen who were surveyed said they would lie about their age in order to do
Notes to Pages 232–34 325 something they were restricted from doing on a Web site. Isabel Walcott, Online Privacy and Safety Survey, available at http://web.archive.org/web/20001202110700/ http://www .smartgirl.com/press/privacyfindings.html (last visited June 1, 2007). 147. The U.S. Children’s Online Protection Act and its predecessors also struggled with how to protect kids from receiving information that could be harmful to them, such as pornography, that adults have a right to see. The most restrictive approach has been to ask providers of information online to assume that kids are receiving it unless each person accessing can demonstrate possession of a valid credit card. See 47 U.S.C. § 231(c)(1) (2000). This approach was struck down as unconstitutional. ACLU v. Ashcroft, 322 F.3d 240 (3d Cir. 2003), aff’d and remanded, 542 U.S. 656 (2004). 148. Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA), Pub. L. No. 106-554, §§ 1701–1741, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-335 to 2763A-352 (2000) (codified as amended at 20 U.S.C. § 9134 and 47 U.S.C. § 254). While one federal court held that the CIPA is unconstitutional, see Am. Library Ass’n, Inc. v. United States, 201 F. Supp. 2d 401 (E.D. Pa. 2002), the Supreme Court subsequently reversed that decision and affirmed the Act’s constitutionality. United States v. Am. Library Ass’n, Inc., 539 U.S. 194 (2003). 149. See, e.g., Vodafone, Content Control: Restricted Access, http://www.vodafone-i .co.uk/contentcontrol/restrictedaccess.htm (last visited June 1, 2007); Vodafone, Content Control, http://online.vodafone.co.uk/dispatch/Portal/appmanager/voda fone/wrp_nfpbtrue&_pageLabeltemplate11&pageIDPAV_0024&redirect edByRedirectsImplServletFlagtrue (last visited June 1, 2007) (providing an overview of the content control service). 150. Posting to Furd Log, Lessig and Zittrain—Pornography and Jurisdiction, http://msl1 .mit.edu/furdlog/p332 (June 30, 2003, 19:09:54 EST). 151. Alexa, Traffic Rankings for Myspace.com, http://www.alexa.com/data/details/ traffic_detailsq&urlmyspace.com/ (last visited June 1, 2007). 152. See MySpace.com, How Do I Add Color, Graphics, & Sound to My Profile Page, http://www.myspace.com/Modules/Help/Pages/HelpCenter.aspxCategory 4&Question7 (last visited June 1, 2007); David F. Carr, Inside MySpace.com, BASE- LINE MAG., Jan. 16, 2007, http://www.baselinemag.com/print_article2/0,1217, a198614,00.asp (discussing the history of MySpace.com and its customizability). 153. See Margaret J. Radin, Property and Personhood, 34 STAN. L. REV. 957, 959–60 (1982) (“Most people possess objects they feel are almost part of them. These objects are closely bound up with personhood because of the way we constitute ourselves as continuing personal entities in the world. They may be different as people are different, but some common examples might be a wedding ring, a portrait, an heirloom, or a house. ... The opposite of holding an object that has become part of one-self is holding an object that is perfectly replaceable with other goods of equal market value. One holds such an object for purely instrumental reasons.”). 154. ADVISORY COMM. TO THE SEC’Y OF HEALTH, EDUC. & WELFARE, supra note 1, at § II. 155. PledgeBank, for example, encourages people to take action by exchanging commitments to undertake an activity. PledgeBank, http://www.pledgebank.com/ (last visited June 1, 2007). Meetup helps people find and arrange events with others who share common interests. See Meetup, http://www.meetup.com/ (last visited June 1, 2007).
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The Future of the Internet— And H
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A Caravan book. For more informatio
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vi Contents Part III Solutions—14
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viii Foreword porn on the Net. But
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x Preface to the Paperback Edition
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Introduction On January 9, 2007, St
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Introduction 3 Jobs was not shy abo
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Introduction 5 some might welcome t
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I The Rise and Stall of the Generat
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The Rise and Stall of the Generativ
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1 Battle of the Boxes Herman Holler
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Battle of the Boxes 13 Rethreading
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Battle of the Boxes 15 The business
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Battle of the Boxes 17 writing new
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2 Battle of the Networks As the pri
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Battle of the Networks 21 sumptions
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Battle of the Networks 23 collectin
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Battle of the Networks 25 expense o
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Battle of the Networks 27 The Inter
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Battle of the Networks 29 compatibi
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Battle of the Networks 31 cess and
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Battle of the Networks 33 tance. Be
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Battle of the Networks 35 proved by
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Cybersecurity and the Generative Di
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Table 3.1. Rankings of malicious ac
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II After the Stall In Part I of thi
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After the Stall 65 systems function
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4 The Generative Pattern Anyone can
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The Generative Pattern 69 themselve
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The Generative Pattern 71 istics, b
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The Generative Pattern 73 is. Barri
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Table 4.1. Examples of generative t
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The Generative Pattern 77 GENERATIV
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The Generative Pattern 79 Creative
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The Generative Pattern 81 We have a
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The Generative Pattern 83 machines
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The Generative Pattern 85 even smal
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The Generative Pattern 87 pipes to
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The Generative Pattern 89 work, 46
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The Generative Pattern 91 But indep
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The Generative Pattern 93 PowerPoin
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The Generative Pattern 95 RECURSION
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The Generative Pattern 97 adaptable
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The Generative Pattern 99 chained u
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5 Tethered Appliances, Software as
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Perfect Enforcement 103 wish to ope
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Perfect Enforcement 105 for when we
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Perfect Enforcement 107 for which o
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Perfect Enforcement 109 specific, u
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Perfect Enforcement 111 by purchase
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Perfect Enforcement 113 Governments
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Perfect Enforcement 115 ernment, th
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Perfect Enforcement 117 cle cannot
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Perfect Enforcement 119 text, but b
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Perfect Enforcement 121 party innov
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Perfect Enforcement 123 very least,
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Perfect Enforcement 125 Continuous
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6 The Lessons of Wikipedia The Dutc
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 129 alized
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 131 THE RI
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 133 “not
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 135 decidi
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 137 Qualit
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 139 does l
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 141 der th
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 143 text,
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 145 trator
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 147 “sem
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III Solutions This book has explain
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Solutions 151 make it more difficul
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7 Stopping the Future of the Intern
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Stability on a Generative Net 155 o
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Stability on a Generative Net 157 c
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Stability on a Generative Net 159 g
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Stability on a Generative Net 161 n
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Stability on a Generative Net 163 d
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Stability on a Generative Net 165 e
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Stability on a Generative Net 167 e
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Stability on a Generative Net 169 a
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Stability on a Generative Net 171 G
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Stability on a Generative Net 173 m
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8 Strategies for a Generative Futur
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Strategies for a Generative Future
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Meeting the Risks of Generativity:
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Conclusion Nicholas Negroponte, for
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Conclusion 237 dren in the developi
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Conclusion 239 ture, and they are a
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Conclusion 241 can convincingly put
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Conclusion 243 niqués that emerge
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Conclusion 245 education project, a
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Acknowledgments Many people helped
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Notes INTRODUCTION 1. Steve Jobs, C
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Notes to Pages 11-13 251 CHAPTER 1.
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Notes to Pages 17-21 253 States v.
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Notes to Pages 23-26 255 General El
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Notes to Pages 28-29 257 approach,
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Notes to Pages 38-42 261 of cyber a
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Notes to Pages 45-47 263 .org/pdfs/
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Notes to Pages 61-72 267 111. U.S.
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Notes to Pages 82-88 269 havioral A
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Notes to Page 89 271 tor, http://so
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Page 341 and 342: Index accessibility, 29, 72-73, 77,
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Page 347 and 348: Index 335 compared to, 73-76; limit
Page 349 and 350: Index 337 Microsoft Windows, 3, 4;
Page 351 and 352: Index 339 for other limitations, 11
Page 353 and 354: Index 341 Timex/Sinclair Z-1000, 13
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