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64 After the Stall Wikipedia—have managed to retain their essential generative character while confronting the internal limits and external scrutiny that have arisen because of their initial successes. Some principles jump out: Our information technology ecosystem functions best with generative technology at its core. A mainstream dominated by non-generative systems will harm innovation as well as some important individual freedoms and opportunities for self-expression. However, generative and non-generative models are not mutually exclusive. They can compete and intertwine within a single system. For example, a free operating system such as GNU/Linux can be locked within an information appliance like the TiVo, and classical, profit-maximizing firms like Red Hat and IBM can find it worthwhile to contribute to generative technologies like GNU/Linux. 1 Neither model is necessarily superior to the other for all purposes. Moreover, even if they occupy a more minor role in the mainstream, non-generative technologies still have valuable roles to serve. But they develop best when they can draw on the advances of generative systems. Generativity instigates a pattern both within and beyond the technological layers of the information technology ecosystem. This book has so far described a trajectory for the generative Internet and PC, which begins in a backwater, accepts contribution from many quarters, experiences extraordinary success and unexpected mainstream adoption, and then encounters new and serious problems precisely because of that success. These problems can pose a lethal threat to generative systems by causing people to transform them into, or abandon them for, sterile alternatives. The forces that can stall the progress of the open Internet and return us to the days of proprietary networks can affect opportunities for generative enterprises like Wikipedia; such ventures are much more difficult to start without an open PC on a neutral Net. Moreover, the generative pattern of boom, bust, and possible renewal is not unique to technologies. It can also be found in generative expressive and social systems built with the help of those technologies. Recognizing the generative pattern can help us to understand phenomena across all the Internet’s layers, and solutions at one layer—such as those offered by Wikipedians in the face of new pressures at the content layer— can offer insight into solutions at others, such as the problems of viruses and spam at the technical layer. Proponents of generative systems ignore the drawbacks attendant to generativity’s success at their peril. Generative systems are threatened by their mainstream success because new participants misunderstand or flout the ethos that makes the
After the Stall 65 systems function well, and those not involved with the system find their legally protected interests challenged by it. Generative systems are not inherently selfsustaining when confronted with these challenges. We should draw lessons from instances in which such systems have survived and apply these lessons to problems arising within generative systems in other layers.
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The Future of the Internet— And H
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A Caravan book. For more informatio
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vi Contents Part III Solutions—14
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viii Foreword porn on the Net. But
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x Preface to the Paperback Edition
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Introduction On January 9, 2007, St
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Introduction 3 Jobs was not shy abo
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Introduction 5 some might welcome t
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I The Rise and Stall of the Generat
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The Rise and Stall of the Generativ
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1 Battle of the Boxes Herman Holler
Page 25 and 26: Battle of the Boxes 13 Rethreading
Page 27 and 28: Battle of the Boxes 15 The business
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Page 39 and 40: Battle of the Networks 27 The Inter
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Page 45 and 46: Battle of the Networks 33 tance. Be
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Page 81 and 82: The Generative Pattern 69 themselve
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Page 89 and 90: The Generative Pattern 77 GENERATIV
Page 91 and 92: The Generative Pattern 79 Creative
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Page 95 and 96: The Generative Pattern 83 machines
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Page 101 and 102: The Generative Pattern 89 work, 46
Page 103 and 104: The Generative Pattern 91 But indep
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Page 107 and 108: The Generative Pattern 95 RECURSION
Page 109 and 110: The Generative Pattern 97 adaptable
Page 111 and 112: The Generative Pattern 99 chained u
Page 113 and 114: 5 Tethered Appliances, Software as
Page 115 and 116: Perfect Enforcement 103 wish to ope
Page 117 and 118: Perfect Enforcement 105 for when we
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Page 121 and 122: Perfect Enforcement 109 specific, u
Page 123 and 124: Perfect Enforcement 111 by purchase
Page 125 and 126: Perfect Enforcement 113 Governments
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Perfect Enforcement 115 ernment, th
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Perfect Enforcement 117 cle cannot
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Perfect Enforcement 119 text, but b
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Perfect Enforcement 121 party innov
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Perfect Enforcement 123 very least,
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Perfect Enforcement 125 Continuous
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6 The Lessons of Wikipedia The Dutc
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 129 alized
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 131 THE RI
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 133 “not
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 135 decidi
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 137 Qualit
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 139 does l
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 141 der th
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 143 text,
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 145 trator
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 147 “sem
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III Solutions This book has explain
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Solutions 151 make it more difficul
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7 Stopping the Future of the Intern
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Stability on a Generative Net 155 o
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Stability on a Generative Net 157 c
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Stability on a Generative Net 159 g
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Stability on a Generative Net 161 n
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Stability on a Generative Net 163 d
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Stability on a Generative Net 165 e
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Stability on a Generative Net 167 e
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Stability on a Generative Net 169 a
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Stability on a Generative Net 171 G
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Stability on a Generative Net 173 m
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8 Strategies for a Generative Futur
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Strategies for a Generative Future
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Meeting the Risks of Generativity:
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Conclusion Nicholas Negroponte, for
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Conclusion 237 dren in the developi
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Conclusion 239 ture, and they are a
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Conclusion 241 can convincingly put
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Conclusion 243 niqués that emerge
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Conclusion 245 education project, a
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Acknowledgments Many people helped
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Notes INTRODUCTION 1. Steve Jobs, C
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Notes to Pages 11-13 251 CHAPTER 1.
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Notes to Pages 17-21 253 States v.
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Notes to Pages 23-26 255 General El
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Notes to Pages 28-29 257 approach,
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Notes to Pages 32-36 259 47. See, e
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Notes to Pages 38-42 261 of cyber a
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Notes to Pages 45-47 263 .org/pdfs/
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Notes to Pages 51-54 265 84. See Pa
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Notes to Pages 61-72 267 111. U.S.
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Notes to Pages 82-88 269 havioral A
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Notes to Page 89 271 tor, http://so
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Notes to Pages 91-95 273 62. Id. 63
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Notes to Pages 96-102 275 (last vis
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Notes to Pages 104-5 277 ality in y
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Notes to Pages 108-10 279 sion, Sec
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Notes to Pages 111-13 281 and simpl
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Notes to Pages 115-17 283 on Our Na
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Notes to Pages 124-28 287 available
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Notes to Pages 137-40 291 See Nate
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Notes to Page 143 293 cal Foundatio
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Notes to Pages 146-52 295 81. But s
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Notes to Pages 157-62 297 6. See Wi
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Notes to Pages 169-71 299 31. Paul
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Notes to Page 178 301 6. Wikipedia
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Notes to Pages 179-81 303 13. One s
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Notes to Pages 182-84 305 delays wi
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Notes to Pages 187-90 307 Secret Co
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Notes to Pages 192-96 309 laches de
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Notes to Pages 197-202 311 96. See
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Notes to Pages 204-7 313 uncommon.
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Notes to Pages 209-12 315 a Real Bu
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Notes to Pages 214-15 317 idence in
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Notes to Pages 217-18 319 sored lin
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Notes to Pages 224-25 321 1, 2007);
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Notes to Pages 227-30 323 avoided w
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Notes to Pages 232-34 325 something
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Notes to Pages 237-44 327 7. See, e
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Index accessibility, 29, 72-73, 77,
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Index 331 15; and endpoint control,
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Index 333 EMI (music company), 121
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Index 335 compared to, 73-76; limit
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Index 337 Microsoft Windows, 3, 4;
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Index 339 for other limitations, 11
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Index 341 Timex/Sinclair Z-1000, 13
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