TPF-I SWG Report - Exoplanet Exploration Program - NASA

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2.6.5 Prospects for Future Observations................................................................................... 32 2.7 References...................................................................................................................................... 33 2.7.1 Science Requirements...................................................................................................... 33 2.7.2 Physical Characterization ................................................................................................ 33 2.7.3 Biomarkers....................................................................................................................... 33 2.7.4 Suitable Targets ............................................................................................................... 36 2.7.5 Exozodiacal Dust ............................................................................................................. 36 3 Transforming Astrophysics with TPF-I .........................................................39 3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 39 3.1.1 Darwin/TPF-I Properties.................................................................................................. 40 3.1.2 Diagnostics in the TPF-I/Darwin Bands.......................................................................... 40 3.2 Transformational Astrophysics...................................................................................................... 42 3.2.1 Star and Planet Formation and Early Evolution .............................................................. 42 3.2.2 Stellar and Planetary Death and Cosmic Recycling ........................................................ 46 3.2.3 Formation, Evolution, and Growth of Black Holes ......................................................... 48 3.2.4 Galaxy Formation and Evolution..................................................................................... 50 3.2.5 Other Science Opportunities............................................................................................ 53 3.3 Conclusions.................................................................................................................................... 54 3.4 References...................................................................................................................................... 54 4 Design and Architecture Trade Studies..........................................................59 4.1 Principle of Operation.................................................................................................................... 59 4.2 Performance Models ...................................................................................................................... 64 4.2.1 Interferometer Performance Model ................................................................................. 64 4.2.2 Star Count Model............................................................................................................. 67 4.3 Nulling Configurations .................................................................................................................. 69 4.4 Collector Aperture Diameter and Array Size................................................................................. 70 4.5 Planar vs. Nonplanar...................................................................................................................... 71 4.6 Beam Combiner Design................................................................................................................. 73 4.6.1 Co-axial Combiners for a Formation-Flying Interferometer ........................................... 74 4.6.2 Multi-Axial Beam Combiners ......................................................................................... 76 4.7 Stray Light ..................................................................................................................................... 77 4.8 Instability Noise and Mitigation .................................................................................................... 78 4.8.1 Origin of Instability Noise ............................................................................................... 78 4.8.2 Stretched X-Array and Spectral Filtering ........................................................................ 80 x
4.8.3 Post-Nulling Calibration.................................................................................................. 83 4.9 Imaging Properties......................................................................................................................... 85 4.9.1 Separating Multiple Planets............................................................................................. 86 4.9.2 Point-Spread Function ..................................................................................................... 87 4.9.3 Array Size Criterion......................................................................................................... 87 4.9.4 Deconvolution Approaches.............................................................................................. 87 4.9.5 Trade Study...................................................................................................................... 90 4.10 Structurally Connected Interferometer...........................................................................................92 4.10.1 Baseline design ................................................................................................................ 92 4.10.2 Performance Assessment ................................................................................................. 93 4.10.3 Summary.......................................................................................................................... 95 4.11 References...................................................................................................................................... 96 5 TPF-I Flight Baseline Design...........................................................................99 5.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 99 5.2 Array Geometry ............................................................................................................................. 99 5.3 Optical Beam Train...................................................................................................................... 101 5.3.1 Collector Spacecraft....................................................................................................... 101 5.3.2 Combiner Spacecraft ..................................................................................................... 102 5.3.3 Telescope Assembly ...................................................................................................... 103 5.3.4 Beam Train Optics......................................................................................................... 103 5.3.5 Beam Transfer between Spacecraft ............................................................................... 104 5.3.6 Stray-Light Modeling .................................................................................................... 104 5.3.7 Combiner Spacecraft ..................................................................................................... 104 5.3.8 Beam Conditioning........................................................................................................ 105 5.3.9 The Adaptive Nuller ...................................................................................................... 105 5.3.10 Delay Lines.................................................................................................................... 105 5.3.11 Alignment System ......................................................................................................... 105 5.3.12 Simplified Nuller ........................................................................................................... 106 5.3.13 Science Detector and Fringe Tracking........................................................................... 107 5.4 Control System ............................................................................................................................ 107 5.4.1 System Summary ........................................................................................................... 108 5.4.2 Optical Metrology.......................................................................................................... 110 5.4.3 Pointing Metrology........................................................................................................ 110 5.4.4 Shear Metrology ............................................................................................................ 112 5.4.5 Polarization Rotation ..................................................................................................... 112 xi
Page 1 and 2: JPL Publication 07-1 Terrestrial Pl
Page 3: Abstract Over the past two years, t
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements Twenty-two represe
Page 9: Table of Contents 1 Introduction...
Page 13 and 14: 6.4.5 Double Fourier Interferometry
Page 15 and 16: I NTRODUCTION 1 Introduction Over 2
Page 17 and 18: I NTRODUCTION et al. 2004), and res
Page 19 and 20: I NTRODUCTION Standard Interferomet
Page 21: I NTRODUCTION 1.4 References Angel,
Page 24 and 25: C HAPTER 2 0.7 to 1.5 AU scaled by
Page 26 and 27: C HAPTER 2 Table 2-2. Illustrative
Page 28 and 29: C HAPTER 2 Classical interferometry
Page 30 and 31: C HAPTER 2 trivial in the absence o
Page 32 and 33: C HAPTER 2 Figure 2-3. Simulated mi
Page 34 and 35: C HAPTER 2 would be in atmospheres
Page 36 and 37: C HAPTER 2 Figure 2-6. The mid-infr
Page 38 and 39: C HAPTER 2 Lines of constant stella
Page 40 and 41: C HAPTER 2 presence of zodiacal clo
Page 42 and 43: C HAPTER 2 S EZ 2π ∫ θ max ∫
Page 44 and 45: C HAPTER 2 Figure 2-11. Observation
Page 46 and 47: C HAPTER 2 Figure 2-12. Models of t
Page 48 and 49: C HAPTER 2 Beichman, C. A., Fridlun
Page 50 and 51: C HAPTER 2 2.7.4 Suitable Targets E
Page 52 and 53: C HAPTER 2 Reach, W. T., Franz, B.
Page 54 and 55: C HAPTER 3 3.1.1 Darwin/TPF-I Prope
Page 56 and 57: C HAPTER 3 clouds or an OB associat
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C HAPTER 3 the circumstellar disk,
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C HAPTER 3 Figure 3-6. (Left panel)
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C HAPTER 3 Continuum interferometry
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C HAPTER 3 Figure 3-9: Simulated im
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C HAPTER 3 3.3 Conclusions Darwin/T
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C HAPTER 3 Nguyen, H. T., Kallivaya
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D ESIGN AND A R C H I T E C T U R E
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C HAPTER 5 Heavy launch vehicle. Th
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C HAPTER 5 5.3.2 Combiner Spacecraf
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C HAPTER 5 5.3.5 Beam Transfer betw
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C HAPTER 5 Figure 5-8. Control sche
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C HAPTER 5 Figure 5-9. First sectio
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C HAPTER 5 Figure 5-9 shows the fir
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C HAPTER 5 5.4.4 Shear Metrology Sh
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C HAPTER 5 Figure 5-15. TPF-I Fligh
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C HAPTER 5 secondary mirror along t
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C HAPTER 5 a) c) b) d) IWA = 43 mas
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C HAPTER 5 planets found. Figure 5-
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C HAPTER 5 30 25 5 M earth 3 M eart
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C HAPTER 5 5.8.4 Angular Resolution
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C HAPTER 5 Table 5-3. Angular Resol
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C HAPTER 5 The optimization works b
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T E C H N O L O G Y R OADMAP FOR TP
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F UTURE D EVELOPMENTS 7 Preparatory
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F UTURE D EVELOPMENTS • To comple
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F UTURE D EVELOPMENTS Table 7-1. Pr
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D ISCUSSION AND C ONCLUSION 8 Discu
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Appendices 167
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T E C H N O L O G Y A DVISORY C O M
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F L I G H T S YSTEM C ONFIGURATION
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F L I G H T S YSTEM C ONFIGURATION
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A PPENDIX C 2. Identical FACS fligh
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A PPENDIX C 2. Recall that the coef
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A PPENDIX C Once the formation has
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A PPENDIX C Figure C-3. Example of
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A PPENDIX C Figure C-4. FAST Flight
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A PPENDIX C The “true” time of
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A PPENDIX C References Cohen, S., a
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A PPENDIX D DC DCB DM DM DOCS DOD D
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A PPENDIX D NaCl NAR NASA NASTRAN N
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A PPENDIX E Appendix E TPF-I Review
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A PPENDIX F Alice Quillen, Universi
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A PPENDIX F Figure 3-1 - Original f
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TPF-I SWG Report - Exoplanet Exploration Program - NASA

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