TPF-I SWG Report - Exoplanet Exploration Program - NASA

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Table 1. Members of the <strong>TPF</strong>-I Science Working Group (2005–2008) Name Akeson, Rachel Bally, John Beichman, Charles (ex officio) Crisp, David Danchi, William Falkowski, Paul Fridlund, Malcolm Hinz, Phil Hollis, Jan M. (Mike) Hyland, David Johnston, Kenneth (chair) Lane, Ben Laughlin, Gregory Liseau, Rene Mennesson, Bertrand Monnier, John Noecker, Charley Quillen, Alice Röttgering, Huub Serabyn, Gene Wilner, David Woolf, Nick Institution Michelson Science Center, California Institute of Technology (CalTech) University of Colorado Michelson Science Center, CalTech Jet Propulsion Laboratory Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Rutgers University ESA/ESTEC University of Arizona GSFC Texas A&M University US Naval Observatory Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) UC Santa Cruz Stockholm Observatory, Sweden Jet Propulsion Laboratory University of Michigan Ball Aerospace University of Rochester Leiden University, Netherlands Jet Propulsion Laboratory Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics University of Arizona viii
Table of Contents 1 Introduction.........................................................................................................1 1.1 Purpose and Scope ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Science Objectives........................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Development of the Interferometer Architecture............................................................................. 4 1.4 References........................................................................................................................................ 7 2 <strong>Exoplanet</strong> Science ...............................................................................................9 2.1 Science Requirements...................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.1 Planetary Detection and Characterization.......................................................................... 9 2.1.2 Observing Modes............................................................................................................. 13 2.1.3 Mission Summary............................................................................................................ 14 2.2 Wavelength Coverage.................................................................................................................... 14 2.3 Physical Characterization............................................................................................................... 15 2.3.1 Temperature, Radius, and Albedo ................................................................................... 15 2.3.2 Orbital Flux Variation...................................................................................................... 16 2.4 Biomarkers..................................................................................................................................... 17 2.4.1 Biomarker Signatures in the Mid Infrared....................................................................... 18 2.4.2 Resolution Needed........................................................................................................... 20 2.4.3 Planets Around Different Stars........................................................................................ 20 2.4.4 Detection of Water........................................................................................................... 21 2.4.5 Biomarkers and Their Evolution over Geological Timescales ........................................ 23 2.5 Suitable Targets ............................................................................................................................. 23 2.5.1 Science Criteria................................................................................................................23 2.5.2 Engineering Criteria......................................................................................................... 24 2.6 Exozodiacal Dust ........................................................................................................................... 25 2.6.1 Zodiacal Dust as a Constituent of Planetary Systems...................................................... 25 2.6.2 Zodiacal Emission as a Source of Noise.......................................................................... 26 2.6.3 Summary of Current Observational Results on EZ Disks ............................................... 30 2.6.4 Theoretical Implications of Current Observations........................................................... 31 ix
Page 1 and 2: JPL Publication 07-1 Terrestrial Pl
Page 3: Abstract Over the past two years, t
Page 7: Acknowledgements Twenty-two represe
Page 11 and 12: 4.8.3 Post-Nulling Calibration.....
Page 13 and 14: 6.4.5 Double Fourier Interferometry
Page 15 and 16: I NTRODUCTION 1 Introduction Over 2
Page 17 and 18: I NTRODUCTION et al. 2004), and res
Page 19 and 20: I NTRODUCTION Standard Interferomet
Page 21: I NTRODUCTION 1.4 References Angel,
Page 24 and 25: C HAPTER 2 0.7 to 1.5 AU scaled by
Page 26 and 27: C HAPTER 2 Table 2-2. Illustrative
Page 28 and 29: C HAPTER 2 Classical interferometry
Page 30 and 31: C HAPTER 2 trivial in the absence o
Page 32 and 33: C HAPTER 2 Figure 2-3. Simulated mi
Page 34 and 35: C HAPTER 2 would be in atmospheres
Page 36 and 37: C HAPTER 2 Figure 2-6. The mid-infr
Page 38 and 39: C HAPTER 2 Lines of constant stella
Page 40 and 41: C HAPTER 2 presence of zodiacal clo
Page 42 and 43: C HAPTER 2 S EZ 2π ∫ θ max ∫
Page 44 and 45: C HAPTER 2 Figure 2-11. Observation
Page 46 and 47: C HAPTER 2 Figure 2-12. Models of t
Page 48 and 49: C HAPTER 2 Beichman, C. A., Fridlun
Page 50 and 51: C HAPTER 2 2.7.4 Suitable Targets E
Page 52 and 53: C HAPTER 2 Reach, W. T., Franz, B.
Page 54 and 55: C HAPTER 3 3.1.1 Darwin/TPF-I Prope
Page 56 and 57: C HAPTER 3 clouds or an OB associat
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C HAPTER 3 Figure 3-3. Three possib
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C HAPTER 3 the circumstellar disk,
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C HAPTER 3 Figure 3-6. (Left panel)
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C HAPTER 3 Continuum interferometry
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C HAPTER 3 Figure 3-9: Simulated im
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C HAPTER 3 3.3 Conclusions Darwin/T
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C HAPTER 3 Nguyen, H. T., Kallivaya
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D ESIGN AND A R C H I T E C T U R E
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C HAPTER 5 Heavy launch vehicle. Th
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C HAPTER 5 5.3.2 Combiner Spacecraf
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C HAPTER 5 5.3.5 Beam Transfer betw
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C HAPTER 5 Figure 5-8. Control sche
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C HAPTER 5 Figure 5-9. First sectio
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C HAPTER 5 Figure 5-9 shows the fir
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C HAPTER 5 5.4.4 Shear Metrology Sh
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C HAPTER 5 Figure 5-15. TPF-I Fligh
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C HAPTER 5 secondary mirror along t
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C HAPTER 5 a) c) b) d) IWA = 43 mas
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C HAPTER 5 planets found. Figure 5-
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C HAPTER 5 30 25 5 M earth 3 M eart
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C HAPTER 5 5.8.4 Angular Resolution
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C HAPTER 5 Table 5-3. Angular Resol
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C HAPTER 5 The optimization works b
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T E C H N O L O G Y R OADMAP FOR TP
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F UTURE D EVELOPMENTS 7 Preparatory
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F UTURE D EVELOPMENTS • To comple
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F UTURE D EVELOPMENTS Table 7-1. Pr
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D ISCUSSION AND C ONCLUSION 8 Discu
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Appendices 167
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T E C H N O L O G Y A DVISORY C O M
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F L I G H T S YSTEM C ONFIGURATION
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F L I G H T S YSTEM C ONFIGURATION
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A PPENDIX C 2. Identical FACS fligh
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A PPENDIX C 2. Recall that the coef
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A PPENDIX C Once the formation has
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A PPENDIX C Figure C-3. Example of
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A PPENDIX C Figure C-4. FAST Flight
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A PPENDIX C The “true” time of
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A PPENDIX C References Cohen, S., a
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A PPENDIX D DC DCB DM DM DOCS DOD D
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A PPENDIX D NaCl NAR NASA NASTRAN N
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A PPENDIX E Appendix E TPF-I Review
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A PPENDIX F Alice Quillen, Universi
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A PPENDIX F Figure 3-1 - Original f
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TPF-I SWG Report - Exoplanet Exploration Program - NASA

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