Skáholt 2002 - Nabo

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Ware/Fabric Code PHASE 1 2 3 4 5 6 Unphased To tal Porcelains chinese porcelain CHPOR 3 14 11 101 10 7 - 146 european porcelain EURPOR - - - 5 - - - 5 bone china BONE 4 148 5 - - - - 157 parian (unglazed bone china) PAR - 8 - - - - - 8 Tin-glazed earthenwares Dutch tin -glazed earthenware TGE - 11 5 45 22 17 1 101 Stonewares Rhenish stoneware RHSW - 2 4 25 9 21 1 62 Westerwald WES - 1 1 2 1 - - 5 brown salt glazed stoneware BSGS - 14 10 5 18 - 1 48 grey saltgalzed stoneware GSGS - 3 1 1 - - - 5 buff saltglaze stoneware BUFFSGS - - - - 1 - - 1 grey dipglazed stoneware GDGS - - - - - - 1 1 white salt glazed stoneware WSGS - 2 1 3 - - - 6 Coarse Earthenwares blackware BGRE - 1 - 2 - - - 3 brown-glazed white earthenware BWE - - - 1 - - - 1 glazed grey earthenware GGE - 2 - - - 1 - 3 green-glazed red ware with white/yellow slip GGSLIP - - 2 2 - - - 4 green glazed orange/red earthenware GOE - - - 1 1 1 3 glazed red earthenware GRE 2 4 5 15 3 18 47 glazed yellow earthenware GYE - - - - - 2 - 2 red bodied slipwares with white/yellow slip trail RBSLIP 2 4 2 28 1 - - 37 slipcoated wares SLIPC - - - - 1 - - 1 unglazed red earthenware URE - 8 - 2 - - - 10 white slipped (internally) glazed red earthenware WSGRE - 2 - - - - - 2 Industrial Refined Earthenwa res creamware CREAM - 1 2 15 - - - 18 pearlware PEARL - - - 1 - - - 1 whiteware WHITE 53 1621 140 39 1853 ironstones IRON - 11 16 8 - - - 35 yellow bodied earthenware YBE - 2 1 - - - - 3 majolica MAJ - 3 - - - - - 3 brown glazed earthenware BGE - 5 - - - - - 5 Grand Total 64 1867 206 301 66 67 5 2576 Table 4. Pottery wares by phase (by sherd count) Pottery from the earlier phases is more distinctive and include German stonewares from the Rhineland including Westerwald jugs and probably Frechen Bartmann jugs. Tin - 47
glazed earthenwares (faience) were fairly common and these probably derive from the Netherlands. The most common were those in a pinkish or buff powdery fabric where the thick glaze tended to flake off, but there was one distinctly different type which occurred on just one example (, ) which had a thinner, more resilient glaze. The source of this is unknown. Most of the tin-glaze earthenwares were blue and white, but there were a few polychrome decorated vessels. There were various types of coarse glazed earthenwares, but the most common was a bright red or orange slipware, often with a greenish-yellow glaze, which is probably either Dutch or German. Of special note however is part of a green-glazed encrusted earthenware vessel () which probably dates from the 17 th century and comes from Germany; unfortunately it was unstratified and came from the hay silo [005]. Chinese porcelain formed a major component of fine tablewares, and all three major 18 th century types were present – brown, blue and white and enameled. In addition, some en griselle vessels were present. There were also some sherds of white saltglaze stoneware, almost certainly from Staffordshire in England. All this pottery is 18 th century and very early 19 th century and effectively associated with the 18 th century farm. Looking at the changing composition of the assemblage through time by major categories of pottery type, shows a fairly expected pattern (Figure 8). Throughout the 18 th century, stonewares (mostly from the Rhineland), tin-glazed earthenwares (probably Dutch) and Chinese porcelain all increase at the expense of coarse earthenwares, and the trend seems to continue through the end of the century and into the next, except for a decline in stonewares. However, by the mid 19 th century, the whole ceramic repertoire has radically changed with the influx of Staffordshire industrial refined earthenwares. This may relate to the opening of direct trade between Iceland and England after 1854, though Staffordshire ceramics could have been imported via Denmark. The only comment I would make here is the occurrence of this change at such a late date; this ceramic revolution is generally seen much earlier (i.e. late 18 th /early 19 th century), and even though the date of the transition between phases 3 and 4 is not very tight at present, it still makes this transformation a delayed process compared to elsewhere. This really ties into one of the key issues in the study of modern ceramics in Iceland – its consumption in 48
Page 1 and 2: SKÁLHOLT 2002 Framvinduskýrslur/I
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction .
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF PLATES Plate I. View of the
Page 7 and 8: Between 1954 and 1958, the first pr
Page 9 and 10: structures. Thereafter, excavation
Page 11 and 12: The project is a cooperation betwee
Page 13 and 14: 76 m 75 m 74 m 73 m 72 m 71 m 70 m
Page 15 and 16: is also suggested that a topographi
Page 17 and 18: I I I I I I I V c m S k á l h o l
Page 19 and 20: Þrátt fyrir að gjóskulög frá
Page 21 and 22: productivity. Soil accumulation on
Page 23 and 24: EXCAVATION Excavation occurred at t
Page 25 and 26: The buildings basically consisted o
Page 27 and 28: Room [15] (Bishop´s Inner Chambers
Page 29 and 30: Abandonment of the building is mark
Page 31 and 32: Room [127] (Unknown Annexe; MS) Unm
Page 33 and 34: sporadically used to dump hearth wa
Page 35 and 36: Rector´s chambers, and after 1781,
Page 37 and 38: earthquake and re-location of the s
Page 39 and 40: There is little doubt this feature
Page 41 and 42: much earlier. Curiously though, the
Page 43 and 44: Figure 6. Phasing of School Rooms 8
Page 45 and 46: On the southern side of the haybarn
Page 47 and 48: shelters in the 19 th century seems
Page 49 and 50: 3. FINDS The amount of finds recove
Page 51: CERAMIC Pottery A rapid assessment
Page 55 and 56: Bearing in mind that the rooms on t
Page 57 and 58: with incomplete markings: Ger[many]
Page 59 and 60: lown as in the 18 th century exampl
Page 61 and 62: lines. There was also a fine exampl
Page 63 and 64: Other A few rarer metal types were
Page 65 and 66: () which has a flaw running almost
Page 67 and 68: comes fairly close and is a rare si
Page 69 and 70: 4. DISCUSSION THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL PO
Page 71 and 72: communities may have introduced new
Page 73 and 74: practices, a general hypothesis tha
Page 75 and 76: 5. APPENDICES UNITS No NoType Group
Page 77 and 78: No NoType GroupNo Description 82 De
Page 79 and 80: No NoType GroupNo Description 203 D
Page 81 and 82: FINDS FindsNo UnitNo BoxNo Object M
Page 83 and 84: FindsNo UnitNo BoxNo Object Materia
Page 103 and 104:
FindsNo UnitNo BoxNo Object Materia
Page 105 and 106:
6. REFERENCES Adderley, W.P., Simps
Page 107 and 108:
Horsley, T., (1999). ‘A prelimina
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Skáholt 2002 - Nabo

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