Climate Change in Latin America - European Commission

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2.3.2. Tools Table 9 Evaluation of types of environmental profiles and monitoring systems in the 18 countries of Latin America. Table 10 Needs for studies identified by the 18 countries. Country Country profile Environmental monitoring Argentina yes yes Bolivia partial partial Brazil yes yes Chile partial partial Colombia yes yes Costa Rica yes no Cuba yes yes Ecuador n/a n/a El Salvador partial yes Guatemala yes n/a Honduras yes no Mexico yes yes Nicaragua yes no Panama yes yes Paraguay no no Peru n/a n/a Uruguay n/a n/a Venezuela yes n/a Need for additional studies Vulnerability studies at national and local level. Studies on technological needs and potential for technology transfer/development. Study on profitable sectorbased mitigation activities, evaluation of collateral beneficiaries in the instrumentation of adaptation and mitigation measures. Studies on adaptation of key economic sectors. Long term projections with different kinds of mitigation. Hydrometeorological and satellite studies to predict Climate Change. UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol instruments. Country Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Mexico Colombia, Mexico Costa Rica, Mexico Guatemala, Mexico Bolivia, Mexico Argentina Cuba, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba and Mexico are the countries that manage and maintain a system for constant monitoring of their environmental data. The other countries ("partial", "n/a") have up-to-date studies (as is the case in Peru 26 ), but their actions were supported by international agencies or, as in the case of Bolivia, sector-based projects undertaken by bilateral partnership agencies were cited as environmental studies, at times leading to duplication of efforts and resources. None of the respondents mentioned a system for monitoring Millennium Development Goals, in which reference was made to various sources of data on the environment and rating of social vulnerability. In this area, ECLAC made a joint effort with several environment ministries to identify indicators related to the MDGs, and offered technical support for monitoring. There was also little mention of the environmental monitoring systems available to the public through websites or from regional organisations such as CCAD or MERCOSUR. The types of study required, apart from the case of Argentina, are instruments to guide decisions made by national authorities in the short and medium term (see Table 10). It is noteworthy that four countries asked for support in completing the decision making instruments required by the UNFCCC or the Kyoto Protocol, a fact that highlights the institutions' acceptance that they lack resources and/or capacities. Regarding weaknesses in coordination and implementaton opportunities (see Table 11), most noteworthy are the problems in international dialogue and dialogue between the central government and individual states (particularly those most affected by deforestation). The need to improve coordination amongst donors. The importance of respecting the sovereignty of countries, preferring activities implemented through their governments. The importance of establishing sector-based dialogue on the environment and Climate Change, in particular the issues of biodiversity, forests and international governability. The challenge of finding the best manner of applying CDMs and the new REDD projects soon to be launched by the World Bank. 26 The UNDP recently published GEO Perú, a report including numerous social, economic and environmental indicators, related to the Millennium Development Goals. 42
Table 11 Final evaluation of weaknesses in coordination and opportunities for project implementation. Country Coordination weaknesses Priority projects Problems Argentina Amongst donors No data No data Bolivia Between institutions REDD, adaptation No data Brazil National and international levels No data No data Chile Between institutions No data No data Colombia No data No data No data Costa Rica No data Adaptation and mitigation plans Lack of financial resources Cuba Amongst donors Adaptation and mitigation plans Lack of financial resources Ecuador No data No data No data El Salvador No data Guatemala Between institutions No data Adaptation and mitigation plans Honduras No data No data No data Mexico No data Implementation of adaptation and mitigation policies; state plans for climate action No data Nicaragua Between institutions Adaptation and mitigation plans Lack of financial resources, technology transfer and knowledge/skills Lack of knowledge and coordination with other sectors Lack of knowledge and coordination with other sectors Panama No data No data No data Paraguay No data MDL Lack of knowledge of CDM and REDD Peru No data No data No data Uruguay No data No data No data Venezuela Policy Coordination No data 43
Page 1 and 2: Climate Change in Latin America
Page 3: Foreword Sustainable Development an
Page 6 and 7: List of acronyms CAAAM ACCLAC ACT C
Page 8 and 9: Introduction Figure 1 Schematic dia
Page 10: In 2008, when Slovenia and France h
Page 13 and 14: 1.1. Impacts of Climate Change Acco
Page 15 and 16: 1.2. Regional Vulnerability Table 1
Page 17 and 18: Vulnerabilities Social Food and Hea
Page 19 and 20: Table 2 Country Argentina Bolivia B
Page 21 and 22: 1.4. Regional Institutional Framewo
Page 23 and 24: Table 3 Regional and sub regional i
Page 25 and 26: 1.4.3. Networks RIOCC - The Ibero-A
Page 28 and 29: Table 4 Table summarizing the legal
Page 30 and 31: 2. Context analysis 30
Page 32 and 33: In general terms, countries with em
Page 34 and 35: 2.2. National Development Agendas i
Page 36 and 37: At the regional level, there has be
Page 38 and 39: Mitigation of Climate Change is a c
Page 40 and 41: According to the EPI, Costa Rica (5
Page 44: Conclusion Uncertainty associated w
Page 47 and 48: Annex 1 Questionnaire on Climate Ch
Page 50 and 51: Annex 2 Country Fiches Argentina In
Page 52 and 53: Climate Change policies The confron
Page 54 and 55: Brazil Adaptation Mechanisms Rules
Page 56 and 57: Energy Law of Energy Efficiency (20
Page 58 and 59: Colombia International commitments
Page 60 and 61: ASOCIC The functions of ASOCIC are
Page 62 and 63: Ecuador National Coordination Very
Page 64 and 65: El Salvador International commitmen
Page 66 and 67: Honduras International Coordination
Page 68 and 69: C4 - Consultative Council on Climat
Page 70 and 71: Studies and publications There are
Page 72 and 73: Panamá International commitments U
Page 74 and 75: Perú International commitments Per
Page 76 and 77: The sectors involved in the 3 prior
Page 78 and 79: Uruguay International Commitments U
Page 80 and 81: Mitigation Mechanisms Transportatio
Page 82 and 83: Annex 3 Information from Member Sta
Page 84: Czech Republic Actions financed by
Page 87 and 88: Specific objective Sector Budget (
Page 89 and 90: Germany Actions financed by Germany
Page 91 and 92: Programme "Sustainable Management o
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Sustainable Management of Natural F
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DEG Actions since 2002 Sinersa Peru
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B. Federal Ministry of Education an
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The Netherlands Actions financed by
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Guatemala The Netherlands is Guatem
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→ Promotion of participative proj
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The Spanish administration is joint
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• Iberoamerican Water Training Pr
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Specific objective Sector Budget Da
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European Commission, EuropeAid Co-o
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República de Argentina, 2008, 2 da
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Main Visited International Organisa
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Ecuador, Ministerio del Ambiente, D
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Development Cooperation in Latin Am
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Climate Change in Latin America - European Commission

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