Climate Change in Latin America - European Commission

Brazil
Adaptation Mechanisms
Rules for Environmental Prevention and Control –
Analysis of Risks and Contingencies (Law N. 2140).
National Water Basin Programme.
Incorporation of Risk Management into the National
Planning System (SISPLAN).
Mitigation Mechanisms
Forests
The Forestry Law (N. 1700) has introduced the
concept of sustainable forest management without
effectively confronting the problem of deforestation.
Law (N. 1715) created the National Institute of Agrarian
Reform. Law (N. 3545) of Community Renewal defines
basic standards for the use and distribution of land
and state forest concessions.
CDMs - Clean Development Mechanisms
It is not believed that these can be the main
mechanisms in the fight against Climate Change.
A better participation by all countries has been
proposed in the framework of the United Nations.
Approved CDMs
Approval of the national implementation of the CDM
was enacted in Law 1333. In Bolivia, 2 large CDM
projects are being implemented, with an estimated
emission reduction of 224,371 m³ton/year.
REDD/FCPF
Yes.
International Commitments
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change, ratified in 1994.
Kyoto Protocol, ratified in 2002.
Legal Structure
The Ministry of Foreign Relations is the focal point
for the Convention.
The Inter-ministerial Commission on Global Climate
Change, in the Ministry of Science and Technology's
General Coordination Office on Global Changes in
Climate, is the Designated National Authority for the
Kyoto Protocol (DE of 7-7-1999, modified with DE of
10-1-2006).
The Inter-ministerial Commission on Global
Climate Change (established through DE 6.263,
dated 21-11-2007) is the entity responsible for
enacting Brazil's national and international policies.
The National Congress' Special Joint Commission
on Climate Change (created through Joint Act
1/2007), seeks to accompany, oversee and enforce
Climate Change actions in Brazil.
The Department of Climate Change and
Environmental Quality (SMCQ) is the authority
charged with preparing national Climate Change
policies. The creation of the Department of Climate
Change and Environmental Quality (SMCQ) occurred
with the restructuring of the Ministry of the Environment
in 2007. In 2008, under the Department of Climate
Change (DEMC), two new entities were created, the
Office of Energy and the Environment (CEMA) and
the Office of Climate Change and Sustainability
(CMCS), replacing the former Energy and Climate
Change Nucleus.
The Executive Group on Climate Change is
responsible for drafting and implementing the National
Climate Change Plan, developed by the government.
The Foro Brasileño de Cambios Climáticos (Brazilian
Climate Change Forum) (DE N. 3.515 dated June 20,
2000) seeks to "raise awareness and mobilize society
to discuss and make decisions" on the impacts of
gas emissions from human activity that intensify the
greenhouse effect.
The Centro de Previsión del Tiempo y Estudios
del Clima (Centre for Weather Forecasting and
Climate Studies, CPTEC/INPE), associated with the
Ministry of Science and Technology, is one of the
main institutions responsible for investigating Climate
Change, and will coordinate the Red Brasileña de
Investigación sobre Cambios Climáticos Globales
(Brazilian Network for Global Climate Change
Research, Red CLIMA), created by MCT in late 2007.
Red GEOMA was created by MCT in 2002 and its
members include leading research institutions in the
Amazon.
54