Climate Change in Latin America - European Commission

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List of acronyms CAAAM ACCLAC ACT CA CAF CAIT CAN CAPRADE CATHALAC CATIE CAZALAC CC CCAD CDM CDSMHI CEPREDENAC CIDA CIIFEN COP CRRH DNA EU-LAC Comité Andino de Autoridades Ambientales (Andean Committee of Environmental Authorities) Alianza para la Mitigación y Adaptación al Cambio Climático y Gestión del Riesgo en América Latina y el Caribe (Alliance for the Mitigation of and Adaptation to Climate Change and Risk Management in Latin America and the Caribbean) Amazon Cooperation Treaty Central America Corporación Andina de Fomento (Andean Development Corporation) Climate Analysis Indicators Tool Comunidad Andina de Naciones (Andean Community of Nations) Comité Andino para la Prevención y Atención de Desastres (Andean Committee for Preventing and Dealing with Disasters) Centro del Agua del Trópico Húmedo para América Latina y El Caribe (Water Centre for the Humid Tropics of Latin America and the Caribbean) Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Centre) Centro del Agua para Zonas Áridas y Semiáridas de América Latina y el Caribe (Water Centre for Arid and Semi-arid Zones in Latin America and the Caribbean) Climate Change Comisión Centroamericana de Ambiente y Desarrollo (The Central American Environment and Development Commission) Clean Development Mechanism Conference of Directors of Ibero-America's Meteorological and Hydrological Services Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (Coordination Centre for the Prevention of Natural Disasters in Central America) Canadian International Development Agency Centro Internacional para la Investigación del Fenómeno del Niño (International Centre for Investigation into the El Niño Phenomenon) Conference of the Parties Comité Regional de Recursos Hídricos (Regional Committee on Water Resources) Designated National Authorities Summit of Heads of State and Government from Latin America, the Caribbean and the European Union GEF GHG GTZ IAI IHP IICA INDN IPCC IRI ISDR KP LA LDC LUCLUF MDG NGO OAS OECD OLADE PARCA PIACC PFCs PPP RAS RedLAC RIOCC SIAM SICA SIDS TTF Global Environment Facility Greenhouse Gas Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (German Agency for Technical Cooperation) Inter-American Research Institute International Hydrological Programme Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture Inter-American Network for Disaster Mitigation Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change International Research Institute for Climate and Society International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Kyoto Protocol Latin America Less Developed Country Land Use, Change of Land Use and Forestry Millennium Development Goal Non-governmental Organisation Organisation of American States Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Organización Latinoamericana de Energía (Latin American Energy Organisation) Plan Ambiental de la Región Centroamericana (Environmental Plan for the Central America Region) Programa Iberoamericano de Evaluación de Impactos, Vulnerabilidad y Adaptación al Cambio Climático (Ibero-American Programme for the Evaluation of Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change) Perfluorocarbons Public Private Partnership Regional Agri-environmental Strategy Red de Fondos Ambientales de Latino América y el Caribe (Latin American and Caribbean Network of Environmental Funds) Red Iberoamericana de Oficinas de Cambio Climático (Ibero-American Network of Climate Change Offices) Sistema de Información Ambiental Mesoamericano (Central American Environmental Information System) Sistema de Integración Centroamericana (Central American Integration System) Small Island Developing States The Tropics Foundation ECLAC ENSO EU FCAC FMAM GDP Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean El Niño - Southern Oscillation European Union Foro del Clima de América Central (Central America Climate Forum) Fondo para el Medio Ambiente Global (Global Environment Facility) Gross Domestic Product UCI UNDP UNEP UNESCO UNFCCC Universidad para la Cooperación Internacional (University for International Cooperation) United Nations Development Programme United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 6
List of figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the anthropogenic causes and impacts of Climate Change and of responses and inter-relations. (Source: IPCC, 2007). 8 Percent distribution of GHGs emissions for energy, industry, agrictulture, waste and change of land use in the the 18 LA countries. 20 Percent distribution of CDM projects implemented with UNFCCC in November 2008 and partner countries in the implementation. 33 List of tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 National overview of the perception of climate impacts and main vulnerabilities per sector and geographical area (Source: questionnaires). 16 Table summarising the causes of environmental pollution and the production of GHGs in the 18 Latin American countries, or physical factors that increase vulnerability to climate impacts (Source: questionnaires). 19 Regional and sub regional institutions related to Climate Change. The Institutions are classified by type and organisations representing the Party Nations in the Conferences of Parties are marked with an asterisk (*). 23 Table summarizing the legal and institutional frameworks of the 18 Latin American countries and their track record with the Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol Conferences of the Parties (Sources: UNFCCC, Questionnaires, Reports, Strategies and National Authority Websites, RIOCC, 2006. Table by the author). 28 Table 5 Years when the 18 Latin American countries presented their GHG inventories. 32 Table 6 Table summarising the main problems identified in the questionnaires. 34 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Climate Change risk indicators for the 18 LA countries and average losses recorded in human lives and PPP (Source: GermanWatch, 2009, Weather-related Loss Events and their Impacts on Countries in 2007 and in a long term comparison – Table 10 Annual Climate Risk Index for 2007). 38 Main characteristics of the countries that are being compared, showing economic and governability data and the EPI indicator (Source: Science Information Network (CIESIN), Colombia University, with the European Commission's World Economic Forum and Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2008. Governability from CAIT 6, data from 2007). 39 Evaluation of types of environmental profiles and monitoring systems in the 18 countries of Latin America. 42 Table 10 Needs for studies identified by the 18 countries. 42 Table 11 Final evaluation of weaknesses in coordination and opportunities for project implementation. 43 7
Page 1 and 2: Climate Change in Latin America
Page 3: Foreword Sustainable Development an
Page 8 and 9: Introduction Figure 1 Schematic dia
Page 10: In 2008, when Slovenia and France h
Page 13 and 14: 1.1. Impacts of Climate Change Acco
Page 15 and 16: 1.2. Regional Vulnerability Table 1
Page 17 and 18: Vulnerabilities Social Food and Hea
Page 19 and 20: Table 2 Country Argentina Bolivia B
Page 21 and 22: 1.4. Regional Institutional Framewo
Page 23 and 24: Table 3 Regional and sub regional i
Page 25 and 26: 1.4.3. Networks RIOCC - The Ibero-A
Page 28 and 29: Table 4 Table summarizing the legal
Page 30 and 31: 2. Context analysis 30
Page 32 and 33: In general terms, countries with em
Page 34 and 35: 2.2. National Development Agendas i
Page 36 and 37: At the regional level, there has be
Page 38 and 39: Mitigation of Climate Change is a c
Page 40 and 41: According to the EPI, Costa Rica (5
Page 42 and 43: 2.3.2. Tools Table 9 Evaluation of
Page 44: Conclusion Uncertainty associated w
Page 47 and 48: Annex 1 Questionnaire on Climate Ch
Page 50 and 51: Annex 2 Country Fiches Argentina In
Page 52 and 53: Climate Change policies The confron
Page 54 and 55: Brazil Adaptation Mechanisms Rules
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Energy Law of Energy Efficiency (20
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Colombia International commitments
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ASOCIC The functions of ASOCIC are
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Ecuador National Coordination Very
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El Salvador International commitmen
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Honduras International Coordination
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C4 - Consultative Council on Climat
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Studies and publications There are
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Panamá International commitments U
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Perú International commitments Per
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The sectors involved in the 3 prior
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Uruguay International Commitments U
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Mitigation Mechanisms Transportatio
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Annex 3 Information from Member Sta
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Czech Republic Actions financed by
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Specific objective Sector Budget (
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Germany Actions financed by Germany
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Programme "Sustainable Management o
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Sustainable Management of Natural F
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DEG Actions since 2002 Sinersa Peru
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B. Federal Ministry of Education an
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The Netherlands Actions financed by
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Guatemala The Netherlands is Guatem
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→ Promotion of participative proj
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The Spanish administration is joint
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• Iberoamerican Water Training Pr
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Specific objective Sector Budget Da
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European Commission, EuropeAid Co-o
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República de Argentina, 2008, 2 da
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Main Visited International Organisa
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Ecuador, Ministerio del Ambiente, D
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Development Cooperation in Latin Am
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Climate Change in Latin America - European Commission

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