Biosafety Manual PDF - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

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Biosafety Manual IBC-approved version (May 18, 2010) Table 3 Pathogenic Agent and Toxin Categories Agent or Toxin Category Human Pathogens Plant and Animal Pathogens Toxins Select Agents and Toxins Prions Agent or Toxin Subcategory Human Etiologic Agents (NIH Guidelines) Human Pathogens (BMBL) Biological Etiologic Agents (DOE WSHP) Bloodborne Pathogens (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA) Select Agents (CDC) General Example or Source Risk Group 2, 3, or 4 agents such as the bacterial, fungal, parasitic, viral, and rickettsial agents listed in Appendix B of the NIH Guidelines Bacterial, fungal, parasitic, rickettsial, viral, and arbovirus agents that are included in BMBL agent summary statements and require BL2 or greater containment Human pathogens such as those listed in Appendix B of the NIH Guidelines Pathogens such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV). Pathogens categorized by CDC as select agents because of their severe threat to humans (e.g., biological weapons) Materials, organisms, or agents regulated by USDA- APHIS that may harm domestic or native animals or plants, or natural resources. Bacterial, fungal, algal, and animal toxins. Human, animal, and plant pathogens and toxins categorized by CDC and Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) as select agents and toxins because of their potential severe threat to humans (e.g., biological weapons) Misfolded proteins and materials potentially containing other misfolded proteins that cause diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) 3.3.2.1 Pathogen and Toxin Information and Guidance Documentation of the hazardous characteristics and controls for well-known pathogens and toxins is usually readily available and should be considered in the risk assessment. Listed in this Printed copies are not official versions of this manual. Before using the printed copy, verify that it is the most current version. 16
Biosafety Manual IBC-approved version (May 18, 2010) section are agencies and organizations that provide such information, along with links to the information sources. Because it may be difficult to find information on lesser-known pathogens or toxins, variants of pathogens, or opportunistic pathogens, their use may require additional risk assessments. For example, special technical information might be needed for avirulent or attenuated agents that have been physiologically modified or genetically altered and therefore several orders of magnitudes less likely to produce disease in a healthy host organism. In addition, “opportunistic pathogens” may not be listed as pathogens because they may only infect immunocompromised hosts. • BMBL Agent Summary Statements Section III of BMBL provides summary statements for many agents associated with laboratory-acquired infections or increased public health concern. Risk assessments must consider any information from these agent summary statements that apply to specific LBNL work activities. Categories included in the agent summary statements are listed below: o bacterial agents o fungal agents o parasitic agents o rickettsial agents o viral agents o arboviruses and related zoonotic viruses o alphabetic listing of 597 arboviruses and hemorrhagic fever viruses o toxin agents o prion diseases • Canadian Material Safety Data Sheets for Infectious Substances The Public Health Agency of Canada produces and provides material safety data sheets for infectious substances as a safety resource for Canadian laboratory workers who may be exposed to these agents in research, public health, teaching, and other laboratories. • CDC Health Information The CDC A-Z Index provides information on topics with relevance to a broad cross-section of CDC audiences. The items are representative of popular topics and frequent inquiries, or have critical importance to CDC’s public health mission. Topics such as diseases and vaccinations are covered. • CDC Travelers’ Health CDC Travelers' Health offers information to assist travelers and their health care providers in deciding the vaccines, medications, and other measures necessary to prevent illness and injury during international travel. 3.3.2.2 Human Pathogens Human pathogens are infectious microbes (e.g., bacteria, protozoa, fungi, viruses, etc.) or other agents (e.g., prions) that cause disease in healthy humans. Pathogens are also often referred to as etiologic agents or infectious agents. Etiologic is an adjective that means disease-causing. The terms infectious agent and infectious material are also used in biosafety standards and in this manual. The term infectious agent means human pathogen. The term infectious material means a biological material that potentially contains human Printed copies are not official versions of this manual. Before using the printed copy, verify that it is the most current version. 17
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