Biosafety Manual PDF - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

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Biosafety Manual IBC-approved version (May 18, 2010) Equipment Type sharps ultraviolet (UV) C radiation Hazards Any device having corners, edges, or projections capable of cutting or piercing the skin. LBNL's definition of sharps includes regulated sharps (medical waste), unregulated biohazardous sharps, and unregulated uncontaminated sharps that pose a safety hazard to custodians and other personnel. UVC radiation is used for inactivating microorganisms. Its usefulness, however, is limited by a variety of factors (e.g., low penetrating power). The eyes and skin can be damaged by exposure to direct or strongly reflected UV radiation. Examples • needles with or without syringes • needles with vacutainers • needles with attached tubing • blades (razors, scalpels, X-ACTO knives) • broken glass • glassware with sharp edges or points • pasteur pipettes and glass slides UV lights must be evaluated to determine if the benefits outweigh the potential hazards. UV radiation is sometimes used in conjunction with: • unoccupied tissue culture rooms • biological safety cabinets • UV light boxes 3.5 Worker Competence and Health The BMBL five-step approach to assessing biological risk and selecting controls for laboratory work was initially presented in Section 3.2 of this manual. Step 4 of this approach (i.e., the evaluation of a worker’s proficiencies or competence) and the evaluation of a worker’s health are discussed in this section. Step 4 is an ongoing process where the supervisor or work lead evaluates a worker’s training, instructions, qualifications, behavior, and health. Worker training and health requirements are also a component of the Biosafety Work Authorization. Workers are the first line of defense for protecting themselves, others in the laboratory, and the public from exposure to biohazardous agents. Laboratory staff must therefore be properly trained, instructed, and qualified before conducting work. Supervisors and work leads should train and evaluate staff to the point where knowledge of the agent and procedure hazards, aseptic techniques, safety practices, use of safety equipment, caution, and attentiveness become second nature. Knowledge and experience prior to job assignment may also be necessary qualifications. See Section 5.2 for more information on training, instruction, and qualification. In addition, a worker’s health status may affect his or her susceptibility to an infection or ability to receive immunizations or prophylactic intervention. Workers who know they have an illness or medical condition that affects their immune system or their ability to receive vaccines or medications should seek an evaluation by Health Services in Building 26. See Section 5.4 for additional information regarding worker health and immunization. 4.0 Biosafety Principles and Levels To determine which controls are required to mitigate hazards and perform work safely, supervisors and work leads must understand and apply the processes and requirements for defining work, identifying hazards, and assessing risks, as discussed in Section 3.0 of this manual. Controls are safeguards employed to contain biological agents or materials and therefore prevent the exposure of workers, other people, or the environment to agents that may harm them. Printed copies are not official versions of this manual. Before using the printed copy, verify that it is the most current version. 30
Biosafety Manual IBC-approved version (May 18, 2010) In biosafety, the term “containment” describes the set of controls, including safe methods, equipment, and facilities needed to protect workers and the environment from biohazardous materials or agents. Controls used for containment in laboratories are described in Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL), Section III, as the “Principles of Biosafety.” These containment controls are listed below and summarized in the next sections: • laboratory practices and techniques, • safety and personal protective equipment, and • facility design and construction. The LBNL Biosafety Work Authorization is used to define work, identify hazards, assess risks, and implement any of the containment controls listed above. See Sections 2.0 and 5.1 of this manual and PUB-3000, Section 26.8, for additional information on work authorization documents. 4.1 Laboratory Practices The first and most important element of control for laboratory containment and research product protection is strict adherence to laboratory biosafety containment practices and good microbiological practice (GMP). Biosafety containment practices include standard microbiological practices and special practices specified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). GMP is based on widely accepted aseptic practices. Standard microbiological practices and special practices are administrative controls listed as biosafety level (BL) containment criteria in BMBL and the NIH Guidelines to protect workers and the environment. (See Section 4.4 of this manual for additional information on BL containment categories and criteria.) These practices, along with requirements from other biosafety standards, are used for the safe performance of work documented in the LBNL Biosafety Work Authorization. Standard microbiological practices or special practices for laboratories apply to most LBNL work with biological materials. Standard practices for BL1 and BL2 laboratories address the following topics (see Appendix C and Section 5.0 for more information): • access control • hand hygiene • food and eating • pipetting • sharps control • spill, splash, and aerosol control • decontamination of work surfaces, equipment, materials, and spills • signage and hazard communication • pest management • worker training and proficiency • occupational health, immunization, and personal health • incident reporting, evaluation, and worker treatment • biosafety manuals or documents Good Microbiological Practice (GMP) is also typically needed for containment and good research. GMP is based on aseptic techniques and other good microbiological practices Printed copies are not official versions of this manual. Before using the printed copy, verify that it is the most current version. 31
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