Part I

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Draft Black Sea Regional Transmission Project ESIA activities are those negatively altering the environment, exploitation of natural resources, damaging via contamination, introduction of exotic species, transportation of explosive or toxic material into the area, and any other activities prohibited by the Management Plan. Under the Law on Protected Area Systems, designated Managed Reserves correspond to IUCN Category IV Habitat/Species Management Areas (that is, protected area managed mainly for conservation through management intervention). Established in 1996, Gardabani Managed Nature Reserve covers an area up to 3,484 hectares. The Reserve is located in Gardabani and Marneuli districts, Kvemo Kartli Region, near the Azerbaijan border. Gardabani Managed Nature Reserve (Figure 4.1-9) was designated in order to protect and improve forest, groves and their inhabitants. As described in section 4.1.6, the main floral value of Gardabani Managed Reserve is riparian forests, where generally grow Gray poplar (Populus hybrida), Black poplar (Populus nigra), White willow (Salix alba), Aspen (Populus tremula), riparian Figure 4.1-9. Unmaintained road through long-stalk oak (Quercus longipes), Gardabani Managed Reserve Wych elm (Ulmus glabra) and Field elm (Ulmus minor). In sub-forests grow the hawthorn, tamarisk, cornel-elder and Butcher's broom; among lianas there are Clematis, Silk vine and Common hop. Adjacent to the riparian forests are steppe plants, mainly fragments of nipplewort. As described in more detail in section 4.1.7, many vertebrates inhabit Gardabani Managed Nature Reserve, including: 26 species of mammals, including wild boar, hare, jackal, Red fox, Jungle cat, badger, marten and Red deer (Cervus elaphus); the latter is included in the Red List of Georgia; 135 species of birds, including Hoopoe, Magpie, Blackbird, Chafffinch, Goldfinch and Nightingale. Among Georgia’s Red List species are White-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), Imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca), Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus), Greater spotted eagle (Aquila clanga), Levant sparrow hawk (Accipiter brevipes) and Saker falcon (Falco cherrug). 21 species of fish, including Silver bream (Blicca bjoerkna transcaucasica Berg), carps (Cyprinus carpio) breams (Abramis brama), Wels catfishes (Silurus glanis), Caucasian goby (Gobius cephalarges constructo Nordmann), barbell (Barbus barbus); as well, Georgian Red List entries: Wels catfishes (Silurus glanis), Black Sea Roach (Rutilus frisii) and Aral Spined loach (Cobitis aurata). 4 species of reptiles, including lizards, Greek tortoise, viper, Grass snake, Fourstriped snake (Elaphe quatuorlineata). 4.1.2.2.2 Ktsia-Tabatskuri Nature Managed Reserve Ktsia Valley, Lake Tabatskuri and the associated wetlands are all part of the proposed Ktsia- Tabatskuri Managed Reserve. The Reserve is situated in Borjomi and Akhalkalaki districts, in Samtskhe-Javakheti Region. It is part of the Support Zone of Borjomi-Kharagauli National 42
Draft Black Sea Regional Transmission Project ESIA Park. The Reserve was proposed by the resolution (No. 447, 1995) of Georgian Cabinet of Ministers on Creation of Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park and Activities Facilitating Establishment of Protected Areas System. The site is currently not listed on the IUCN international list of protected areas although the Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources states that it is intended to be included on the IUCN list. BirdLife International puts Lake Tabatsuri on the list of Important Bird Areas. Some areas of the Reserve may also be proposed as a Wetland Site of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention due to their high-conservation value wetland ecosystems. A number of the species recorded for the site are noted on the Red Lists of endangered/rare species of IUCN and Georgia. Resolution No. 447 allowed for the definition of temporary boundaries for the proposed Reserve with the expectation that the boundary would be formally defined following the elaboration of a Management Plan. In 2006-2008, BTC Company provided funding for development of the management plan and a draft was prepared in 2008 (IUCN et al., 2008). The proposed area covers 22,000 hectares and includes high-mountainous wetlands in the vicinity of Lake Tabatskuri (Narianis Veli wetlands) and headwaters of the River Ktsia (Ktsia Valley wetlands) at 2,000 to 2,800 meters above sea level. Lake Tabatskuri, at 1991 meters above sea level, is the largest waterbody in the area, with an area of 14.2 square kilometers. The Ktsia-Nariani wetlands system is severely modified and only a few fragments of seminatural wetland remain there due to heavy anthropogenic impacts. The wetlands of Narianis Veli and Ktsia have high protection value because they provide important habitats for breeding waterfowl and serve as a staging post to migratory birds. The management objectives for the site are: Protection of unique high-mountainous wetlands located in the vicinity of the River Ktsia (Figure 4.1-10). Protection of fresh water ecosystem of Lake Tabatskuri, which provides refuge to migratory birds. Protection of bird species (black stork (Ciconia nigra), white stork (Ciconia ciconia), grey crane (Grus grus), mute swan (Cygnus olor), whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus), great white egret (Egretta alba)) and their habitats, including the unique mountain wetlands along the headwaters of the River Ktsia and around Lake Tabatskuri. Figure 4.1-10. Wetlands along river meander near Nariani Vegetation of the Reserve is unusual and differs from floristic species of other Georgian regions, as described in more detail in section 4.1.7. There grow plant communities characteristic to wetland, upland steps and meadows, as well as shrubs and remnants of relict forest. Forests are composed of sub-alpine crooked beech, aspen, and mountain oak. The latter is on the Red List of Georgia. Shrubby plants include rhododendron (Rhododendron caucasicum) and cowberry, over large areas. Rhododendron and fragments of mountain oak forest have especially high conservation value. 43
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Part I

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