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Draft Black Sea Regional Transmission Project ESIA Quaternary sediments are represented mostly by boulder-pebbles and are characterized by high water content. The Uraveli River basin is formed mostly with recent Quaternary and Eocene age so-called Kisatibi (Goderdzi) layers and lava and tuff formations. These sediments are presented by (form bottom to top): Psammite tuffs with insertions of red conglomerate lenses. Andesite-basalt and basalt layers. Conglomerates, andesite-dacite tuffs. Thick layers of tuff-breccias, tuff-conglomerates and tuff ashes. Thick layers of andesites and andesite-dacites. 4.1.4.8 Baghdati district Stratigraphy. The geological structure of this area is represented by meso-Cainozoic and Quaternary thick terrigenous, carbonaceous and effusive formations. The Quaternary and Cainozoic sediments have the widest distribution. Lower Cretaceous (K 1 ) rocks have transgressive overlapping over the Jurassic sediments and they are represented with dolomites, limestones, marls, and clays over 600 meters deep. Upper Cretaceous (K 2 ) sediments outcrop in foothills and mountainside banks of Adjara-Trialeti ridge. They are represented with limestones, guffogenes and others to a depth of 500-600 meters. Paleocene (P) system is represented with Paleocene-Lower Miocene (P 1 -P 2 ), Mid Eocene (P 2 1 ), Upper Eocene (P 2 3 ) and Oligocene-Lower Miocene (P 3 -N 1 1 ) rocks. First three stages are represented with Clayey Limestones, Marls, Tuffs and Clays in general, with overall depths about 1500 m; and the Oligocene-Lower Miocene – with non-carbonaceous layered Clays with depths of 600 meters. The Neogene (N) system is represented with all stages of Eocene and partly with Pliocene. These layers are formed with compact sandstones, calcareous sandstones, clays and limestones with an overall depth of 1000 meters. Quaternary sediments (Q) have a wide distribution in the region and represent continental formations. They are described with facial changes and miscellaneous geological-structural and geomorphologic features. The depth of Quaternary sediments decreases from west to east and ranges from several meters to 300 meters. Recent sediments are divided into River, Alluvial, Prolluvial and Delluvial formations by genetic features. Recent Quaternary sediments (aQ IV ) are distributed in river valleys and represented with riverbed and floodplain facieses; their depth is changing within 2-20 m limits. These decrease from east to west. Delluvial-Prolluvial sediments (d-aQ IV ) are distributed at the bottoms of banks and represented with pebbles-detritus clays and clayey soil. Finally, Elluvial-Delluvial sediments (e-aQ IV ) are distributed in watersheds and hillock banks and clays and sandstones one to two meters deep. Tectonics. This region belongs to Georgian lump and Adjara-Trialeti fold system contact zone. In the territory of Georgian lump, the Kolkheti lowland and Imereti submountain bend are delineated. The Kolkheti lowland is the most submerged structure of Georgian lump, which is filled with thick Quaternary formations. Its fundament is parted with deep tectonic fractures. The Adjara-Imereti submountain bend is the south sequential of Kolkheti lowland. It includes sediments from Upper Cretaceous to post Pliocene. It is characterized by linearly extended brachyfolds and arch boosts. 50
Draft Black Sea Regional Transmission Project ESIA Geomorphology. This region belongs to the Kolkheti sector of the Georgian intermountain immersion zone. Here, Kolkheti accumulative (Alluvial) lowland area and South Kolkheti hilly line region are marked out. The Kolkheti accumulative lowland covers a wide area, relief is plain and its elevation is less than 200 meters above sea level. 4.1.4.9 Zestaphoni district Four orographic zones are represented in the Zestaphoni district. The Kolkheti lowland includes the Kvirila river adjacent zone from the railway station Adjameti to the west. The elevation of this area ranges from 90 to 200 meters. To the south and east, the hilly zone has elevations of 200 to 250 metres. The upper Imereti plateau is located to the west and to the south the watershed ridge separates the water basins of Kvirila-Sakreula rivers (peaks include Safishlis tavi at 1088 meters and Kvitsqnari at 1013 meters). The north slope of the ridge is in Zestaphoni region. Alluvial sediments are presented primarily on the lowland territory, which is generated by River Kvirila as shallow terraces. The relief is crossed by large number of gorges and river channels. Oligocene and Miocene clays, sandstones, and marls are present on the hilly zone. The surfaces are crossed by the tributaries of the Kvirila River. Many landslides are present on the slopes of hills. The plateau is developed on the crystalloid massif of the Dzirula River, which is presented on the right bank of Kvirila River until the river Dzusa. The plateau within the borders of Zestaphoni region is present by crystalline slates and granite type rocks of Cambrian and Paleozoic age. The south part of the plateau is represented by Liace age volcanogenic rocks and sediments, porphyries, tuffs, and tuff-breccias. The top layer of crystalline and Jurassic sediments is cut by narrow rocky gorges 250 to 300 meters deep, narrow. The watershed ridge is mainly presented by Eocene age tuff-breccias and marvels. The geology of the region is mainly represented by early and recent Quaternary rocks. The early Quaternary sediments are present as sand, gravel, and clays and are found on the upper terraces of the Kvirila River. Old terraces of Kvirila River are present up to an elevation of 300 meters, and are about 10 to 15 meters deep. 4.1.4 Hydrology/Hydrogeology The transmission line will cross many of Georgia’s rivers. In summary, the number of crossings will include: For Alternative 1, 12 river crossings, including Kvirila, unknown name, Mtkvari (Kura), Oshiristskali, Chibareti, Ktsia, Beiukchai, Kldeisi, Algeti, Mtkvari (Kura), Tsinubanistskali, Koblianichai. For alternative 2, 14 river crossings, including Kvirila, unknown name, Baratkhevi, Tsinubanistskali, Mtkvari (Kura), Oshiristskali, Chibareti, Ktsia, Beiukchai, Kldeisi, Algeti, Mtkvari (Kura), Tsinubanistskali, Koblianichai. For Alternative 3, 18 river crossings, including Kvirila, unknown name, unknown name, Kurikhana (3 time), Baratkhevi, Tsinubanistskali, Mtkvari (Kura), Oshiristskali, Chibareti, Ktsia, Beiukchai, Kldeisi, Algeti, Mtkvari (Kura), Tsinubanistskali, Koblianichai. 4.1.4.1 Gardabani district A shallow aquifer in this area comprises floodplain alluvial sediments (pebbles, sand, and clay) of the Iori River and its outfall. Most springs flow at 0.2 to 2 liters per second, although a group of springs on the left bank of the river 15 kilometers southeast of Sagarejo have a total flow of over more than 200 liters per second. Alluvial sediments of the Lakbe River valley are characterized with water-rich flows and represented with pebbles with sand. Flows 51
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