Part I

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Draft Black Sea Regional Transmission Project ESIA 5.0 Potential Environmental and Socioeconomic Impacts ...................................................104 5.1 Potential environmental impacts ...........................................................................104 5.1.1 Potential impacts on land use..................................................................104 5.1.2 Potential impacts on air quality................................................................109 5.1.3 Potential impacts on geology, soils, and geohazards..............................113 5.1.4 Potential impacts on surface water and groundwater..............................120 5.1.5 Potential impacts on ecosystems, animals, and plants ...........................124 5.1.6 Potential effects on landscape appearance.............................................134 5.1.7 Potential impacts to soil...........................................................................147 5.2 Potential socioeconomic impacts ..........................................................................152 5.2.1 Number of communities and people potentially affected.........................153 5.2.2 Demographics and economics ................................................................156 5.2.3 Infrastructure ...........................................................................................158 5.2.4 Community ..............................................................................................158 5.2.5 Cultural resources ...................................................................................159 5.2.6 Public and occupational health and safety ..............................................160 5.2.8 Order of Magnitude Cost Evaluation .......................................................164 5.3 Summary of potential impacts and preferred alternative.......................................165 5.3.1 Summary of potential impacts .................................................................165 5.3.2 Preferred alternative ................................................................................166 6.0 Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan .......................................175 6.1 Environmental and Social Management Plan .......................................................175 6.2 Environmental and Social Monitoring Program .....................................................175 7.0 References Cited ...........................................................................................................210 APPENDICES Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E List of Preparers Milestones and Schedule for Preparation and Completion of ESIA Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan Report on Literature Review and Field Survey of Flora and Vegetation along the Black Sea Regional Transmission Project Route Feasibility study from animal biodiversity conservation standpoint LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1 Determination of Environmental Impact Significance Table 1-2 Duration of Impacts Table 1-3 Determination of Social Impact Significance Table 2-1 Current Status of Foundations and Towers Constructed before 1992 Table 3-1 Environmental Laws and Regulations in Georgia Table 4.1-1 Geologic structure of Gardabani region Table 4.1-2 Most important areas for biodiversity preservation along the transmission line corridor Table 4.1-3 Likely occurrence of Red List fauna along the transmission line corridor Table 4.1-4 Baseline air quality Table 4.1-5 Benchmark values of pollutant concentrations based on population Table 4.1-6 Concentrations of air pollutants in Rustavi, 1999 to 2002 Table 4.2-1 Population of Regions and Districts along the proposed transmission corridor Table 4.2-2 Population of communities within three kilometers of the proposed transmission line corridor Table 4.2-3 Ethnicity of Georgia and of Districts along the transmission line corridor Table 4.2-4 Georgia economic and employment contributions by sector Table 4.2-5 Unemployment rates by administrative region/district near transmission line Table 4.2-6 Principal income sources in selected communities near transmission line iii
Draft Black Sea Regional Transmission Project ESIA Table 4.2-7 Distances of the proposed line from national monuments and the direction of nearest approach Table 5.1-1 Land use sensitivity to change Table 5.1-2 Land uses affected by the transmission line route Table 5.1.3 Land affected in protected areas Table 5.1-4 Summary of Significance of Potential Impacts to Land Use Table 5.1-5 Air Quality Sensitivity to Change Table 5.1-6 Summary of Significance of Potential Impacts to Land Use Table 5.1-7 Mitigation of potential air quality impacts Table 5.1-8 Impacted Soil Types and the Areal Extent of Impact Table 5.1-9 Significance of Potential Impacts on Soils Table 5.1-10 Examples of General Sensitivity of the Water Environment Table 5.1-11 Significance of Environmental Impact: Surface Water and Groundwater Quality Table 5-1-12 Sensitivity of Ecological Receptors Table 5.1-13 Ecosystem impacts Table 5.1-14 Magnitude of Change – Ecosystems Table 5.1-15 Significance of potential impacts to ecosystems, flora, and fauna Table 5.1-17 Lands within protected areas from which project may be seen Table 5.1-18 Significance of potential effects on landscape appearance Table 5.1-19. Types of soil and area that could be affected Table 5.1-20 Significance of Potential Impact: Soils Table 5.2-1 Buildings within 100 Meters of the Transmission Line Table 5.2-2 Comparative cost evaluation of project alternatives Table 5-3-1 Summary of Potential Impacts Table 6-1 Environmental Management Plan: Mitigation and Enhancement Measures to Prevent or Reduce Potential Impacts Table 6-2 Social Management Plan: Mitigation and Enhancement Measures to Prevent or Reduce Potential Impacts Table 6-3. Environmental and Social Monitoring Program for Black Sea Regional Transmission Project LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1 Black Sea Regional Transmission Project: Project Overview Figure 1-2 ESIA Process Figure 1-3 Leaders and citizens in village Ilmazlo receiving and giving information during a visit by the ESIA social team Figure 2-1 Alternative 1: Black Sea Regional Transmission Project - Original Transmission Line Route and Regional Grid Connection Figure 2-2 Vegetation clearing of a narrow corridor Figure 2-3 Typical installation of foundations and setting towers Figure 2-4 Raising tower in mountainous terrain Figure 2-5 Types of towers Figure 2-6 Ground-based conductoring Figure 2-7 Example of vegetation clearing for corridor maintenance in forested terrain Figure 2-8 Alternative 2: Black Sea Regional Transmission Project - Modified route near Ktsia-Tabatskuri Managed Reserve and through Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park Figure 2-9 Alternative 3: Black Sea Regional Transmission Project - Modified route near Ktsia-Tabatskuri Managed Reserve and around Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park Figure 4.1-1. Air Temperature Profile along Transmission Line Figure 4.1-2 Multiyear Average Annual Soil Temperature Figure 4.1-3. Precipitation Profile along Transmission Line Figure 4.1-4 Average Annual and Maximum Wind Speed iv
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