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Draft Black Sea Regional Transmission Project ESIA Upper Cretaceous volcanic and sedimentary formations are located in the southwestern part of the Tetritskaro region as well as the Shua Khrami mountain complex formed by old crystalline rocks. Bedeni massive is the biggest with branches spreading to the south and west, including Gelindagi, Tavshishvela and Gomeri. The Iragi grotto is located between Tavshishvela ridge and Kvemo Kartli lava plateau. The bottom of the Irago grotto is formed by argillaceous soil and gravels. 4.1.4.4 Tsalka region This regions has diverse landscape, ranging from mountains, high ridges, volcanic cones, grotto, flatlands, canyon-type ravines, and other landscape types. The asic orthographic unit is the Samsari (abul-samsari) meridian volcanic ridge, which is constructed from neogenic quadruple effusive rock, lava of multiple composition, tuff-breccias and tuffs. Peaks include Tavkvetili (2583 meters), Shavnabada (2930 meters), and Samsar (3285 meters). The southern part of the Javakheti meridian volcanic ridge is located in this region. Volcanic peaks located on the ridge include Dalidalo (2661 meters), Biketi (2277 meters), Chochiani (2417 meters). Tikmatashi pass is located in the lowest part of the ridge (2178 meters) Another large orthographic unit is Tsalka grotto (plateau), which is surrounded by the Trialeti ridge from the south and by Samsari and Javakheti ridge from the west. Its upper level is at 1500-1800 meters range and is divided into several small grottos, of which Beshtasheni is the larges and is used as Tsalka water reservoir. The Chochiani plateau-grotto is located on the eastern pediment of Javakheti ridge. The eastern part of the region is occupied mostly by the southern pediment of Trialeti ridge which is fractured with ravines of the following rivers and their tributaries: Beshtashenis Tskali and Gumbati (Khrami basin). Noteworthy landscape forms are canyon-type ravines, including Avranlo canyon. 4.1.4.5 Ktsia-Tabatskuri area The Ktsia-Tabatskuri Managed Reserve is located in the south, partly central subzone of the Lesser Caucasus. Notable features include Samsari ridge, Tavkvetili cone, Savnabada volcanic massif, patara Shavnabada, Shuamta, volcanic cones of Mshrali Mta, and Trialeti ridge. The east periphery of the reserve is represented by crest and west slopes of the Samsari ridge. The area also includes the north part of the ridge. The ridge is 42 kilometers long in meridianal directionm with a total area of 920 square kilometers. Volcanoes of the ridge form 22 massifs with elevations from 2500 to 3300 meters. The heighest (3301 meters) is Didi Abuli peak. North to the Samsari ridge is Tavkvetili massif. The massif is located between the west end of Kamechi meadow and the Ktsia River gorge and the saddle. The massif consists of two peaks: Didi Tavkvetili on the east at 2587 meters, and Patara Tavkvetili cone to the west at 2340 meters. North of the Patara Tavkvetili is the Nariani lowland, which divides Samsari and Trialeti ridges. South to the Tavkvetili is Shavnabada volcano massif, separated from the Tavkvetili by the Kamechi Meadow depression. The massif consists of two base-joint cones sited on one the same meridian line. The basis of the north, the Didi Sahvnabada cone (absolute height 2929 meters, relative height 950 meters, basis diameter 3 kilometers) is composed of Goderdzi suite dacites. Its north and west slopes is gullies , inclination 30-35 0 . Patara Shavnabada (2798 meters above sea level) is a flat, truncated cone with a ctaret-like hollow. Northeast of Savnabada massif and close to the study area is Beberdagi (Egeisari) volcanic massif. It consists of three extrusive domes with elevations from 2400 to 2513 meters. North and north-east of Lake Tabatskuri are volcanic cones (Shuamta at 2381 48
Draft Black Sea Regional Transmission Project ESIA meters and Mshrali mta at 2405 meters) with the Ktsia river in between, with some waterlogged areas. Trialeti ridge forms the east part of the Adjara-Trialeti system. The higest peak of the Trialeti ridge is Shavi Klde (2853 meters) belonging to the Tsikhisjvari branch (the peak is located near village Tsihisjvari). Other peaks are 2500-2800 meters high, including Arjevani, Sakvelosmta, Kodiana, Oshora, Tskhratskaro, Ortavi. The main watershed of the Trialeti ridge starts in the Mtkvari River gorge (village Minadze). In this section it is directed east-south-west, and farther out it turns and becomes transversal. The north slope of the Trialeti ridge is divided by the rivers Toseli, Dviri, Chobiskhevi, Borjomula and Gujaretis Tskali. 4.1.4.6 Adigeni district Adigeni district is located at the west part of the Akhaltsikhe cavity. The region is crossed by the Kvabliani River, whose tributaries are the Otskhe, Ghadzvi and Dzindze. The Akhaltsikhe cavity (Samtskhe cavity) represents a tectonic erosive intermountain cavity in the upper basin of the Mtkvari River. From the north it is limited by Meskheti ridge, from the south by Erusheti ridge, on the west by Arsiani ridge slopes, and from the east bounded by the wester edge of Trialeti ridge. The bottom of the cavity are at 900 to 1000 meters above sea level. Cavity slopes are formed with Mid Eocene volcanogenic sediments; and the central part is formed with Upper Eocene gypsum sandy-clayey layer, Oligocene clays and sandy-clayey sediments and also Mio-Pliocene Tuffogenic (Goderdzi) layer. Quaternary sediments are distributed at the bottoms of Mtkvari River and its tributary valleys. In the center of the cavity a flat terrace is located. On the rocks (1200-1300 m above sea level) hilly erosion landscape is developed mainly with soft relief forms; relief is rocky on volcanogenic layers. Above 1200-1300 m sufficiently breaking up mountain-valley relief of Meskheti, Erusheti and Arsiani ridge slopes is developed. The Meskheti ridge is mainly formed with Eocene volcanogenic layers. Western part of the ridge is limited by more recent rocks; to the south with Neogene lavas. Slopes are jagged with deep valleys of Khanistskali, Suloria, Sufsa, Natanebi, Kintrishi, Chakvistskali and other rivers. The Arsiani ridge is formed with shales, sandstones, Upper Tertiary Goderdzi layers and Eocene volcanogenic sediments. Slopes of the ridge are deeply incised with valleys of Chorokhi, Adjaristskali, Kvabliani, Potskhovi and other rivers. At the top there are signs of old glaciation. 4.1.4.7 Akhaltsikhe district Middle and Upper Eocene sediments are the most distributed in Akhaltsikhe district. Middle Eocene (P 2 2 b) is represented with massive rough fragmented volcanic breccias, tuff, lava layers, mostly sub-alkaline, alkaline and limy base basaltoides, rarely andesites and andesite basaltoides, dolerites, trachytes, tuff conglomerates, olistostromes, tephrite and sandy-aleuritic turbidites and also dellenites. Upper Eocene (P 2 3 ) is represented by foraminiferal and lirelepic marl, rough grained quartzarkose and graywacke sandstones, clay (carbonized, bituminized, shale), conglomerate middle layers, conglomerate-breccias, marl, andesite basalt, limestone, sub-alkaline basalt, tracyites, lava and pyroclastolites. 49
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