UNDERSTANDING VARIATION IN PARTITION COEFFICIENT, Kd ...

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IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). 1979. Behavior of Tritium in the Environment (Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Behavior of Tritium in the Environment Jointly Organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and Held in San Francisco, 16-20 October 1978. Proceedings Series, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria. Idiz, E. F., D. Carlisle, and I. R. Kaplan. 1986. “Interaction Between Organic Matter and Trace Metals in a Uranium Rich Bog, Kern County, California, U.S.A.” Applied Geochemistry, 1:573-590. Izrael, Y. A., and F. Y. Rovinskii. 1970. Hydrological Uses of Isotopes Produced in Underground Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes. UCRL-Trans-10458, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna. Jackson, A. P., and B. J. Alloway. 1992. “Transfer of Cadmium from Soils to the Human Food Chain.” In Biogeochemistry of Trace Metals, D. C. Adriano (ed.), pp.-109-147, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida. Jenne, E. A., J. W. Ball, J. M. Burchard, D. V. Vivit, and J. H. Barks. 1980. “Geochemical Modeling; Apparent Solubility Controls on Ba, Zn, Cd, Pb, and F in Waters of the Missouri Tri-State Mining Area.” Trace Substances in Environmental Health, 14:353-361. John, M. K. 1971. “Influence of Soil Characteristics of Adsorption and Desorption of Cadmium.” Environmental Letters, 2:173-179. Juo, A. S. R., and S. A Barber. 1970. “The Retention of Strontium by Soils as Influenced by pH, Organic Matter and Saturated Cations.” Soil Science, 109:143-148. Juste, C., and M. Mench. 1992. “Long-term Application of Sewage Sludge and Its Effect on Metal Uptake by Crops.” In Biogeochemistry of Trace Metals, D. C. Adriano (ed.), pp. 159-194, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida. Kaplan, D. I., T. L. Gervais, and K. M. Krupka. 1998. “Uranium(VI) Sorption to Sediments Under High pH and Ionic Strength Conditions.” Radiochimica Acta, 80:201-211. Kaplan, D. I., R. J. Serne, A. T. Owen, J. Conca, T. W. Wietsma, and T. L. Gervais. 1996. Radionuclide Adsorption Distribution Coefficient Measured in Hanford Sediments for the Low Level Waste Performance Assessment Project. PNNL-11385, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington. Kargbo, D. M., D. S. Fanning, H. I. Inyang, and R. W. Duell. 1993. “Environmental Significance of Acid Sulfate “Clays” as Waste Covers.” Environmental Geology, 22:218-226. 6.10
+ Keeney-Kennicutt, W. L., and J. W. Morse. 1985. “The Redox Chemistry of Pu(V)O2 Interaction with Common Mineral Surfaces in Dilute Solutions and Seawater.” Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 49:2577-2588. Kent, D. B., V. S. Tripathi, N. B. Ball, J. O. Leckie, and M. D. Siegel. 1988. Surface- Complexation Modeling of Radionuclide Adsorption in Subsurface Environments. NUREG/CR-4807, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C. Khalid, R. A. 1980. “Chemical Mobility of Cadmium in Sediment-Water Systems.” In Cadmium in the Environment - Part 1. Ecological Cycling. J. O. Nriagu (ed.), pp. 257-298, John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York. Kharkar, D. P., K. K. Turekian, and K. K. Bertine. 1968. “Stream Supply of Dissolved Silver, Molybdenum, Antimony, Selenium, Chromium, Cobalt, Rubidium, and Cesium to the Oceans.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 32:285-298. Kim, J. J. 1986. “Chemical Behavior of Transuranic Elements in Aquatic Systems.” In Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of the Actinides, A. J. Freeman and C. Keller (eds.), pp. 413-455, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, Holland. Kokotov, Y. A., and R. F. Popova. 1962. “Sorption of Long-Lived Fission Products by Soils and Argillaceous Minerals III: Selectivity of Soils and Clays Toward 90 Sr Under Various Conditions.” Soviet Radiochemistry, 4:292-297. Korte, N. E., J. Skopp, W. H. Fuller, E. E. Niebla, and B. A. Alesii. 1976. “Trace Element Movement in Soils: Influence of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties.” Soil Science Journal, 122:350-359. Krupka, K. M. and R. J. Serne. 1998. Effects on Radionuclide Concentrations by Cement/Ground-Water Interactions to Support Performance Assessment of Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facilities. NUREG/CR-6377, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington. LaFlamme, B. D., and J. W. Murray. 1987. “Solid/Solution Interaction: The Effect of Carbonate Alkalinity on Adsorbed Thorium.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 51:243-250. Lagerwerff, J. V., and D. L. Brower. 1973. “Exchange Adsorption or Precipitation of Lead in Soils Treated With Chlorides of Aluminum, Calcium and Sodium.” Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 27:1951-1954. 6.11
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United States Office of Air and Rad
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NOTICE The following two-volume rep
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This publication is the result of a
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TO COMMENT ON THIS GUIDE OR PROVIDE
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CONTENTS NOTICE ...................
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Concentrations Extractable Iron Con
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Appendix A - Acronyms and Abbreviat
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Figure E.1. Variation of K d for Cr
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Table 5.16. Uranium(VI) aqueous spe
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Table H.3. Simple and multiple regr
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1.0 Introduction The objective of t
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discussed. The geochemical modeling
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2.0 The K d Model The simplest and
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track many more parameters and some
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of interest. The retardation factor
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(e.g., soil). An increasing body of
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complexation constants for the cont
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the soil column. Additionally, the
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Element Table 5.2. Concentrations o
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5.2.3 Aqueous Speciation Cadmium fo
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5.2.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Cop
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cadmium, indicating that cadmium an
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5.2.6.2.2 Limits of K d Values with
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5.3.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Cop
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organic chelates (e.g., EDTA). Init
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(tarapacaite) in chromium sludge fr
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K d). Soils containing Mn oxides ox
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Table 5.7. Estimated range of Kd va
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most common valence state of lead e
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Table 5.8. Lead aqueous species inc
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Under reducing conditions, galena (
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C Adsorption of lead increases with
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(Choppin, 1983). Plutonium hydrolyt
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Table 5.10. Plutonium aqueous speci
Page 73 and 74: 5.6.5 Sorption/Desorption Plutonium
Page 75 and 76: content in the system. Additionally
Page 77 and 78: 5.6.6.2.2 Limits of K d Values with
Page 79 and 80: 5.7.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Cop
Page 81 and 82: much greater concentrations. Thus,
Page 83 and 84: exchanged which they attributed to
Page 85 and 86: up tables was based in part on thei
Page 87 and 88: organic complexes likely predominat
Page 89 and 90: Thorium undergoes hydrolysis in aqu
Page 91 and 92: The distribution of thorium aqueous
Page 93 and 94: from about 10 -8.5 mol/l (0.0007 mg
Page 95 and 96: Based on the assumptions and limita
Page 97 and 98: 5.10 Tritium Geochemistry And K d V
Page 99 and 100: uranium. Uranium(VI) species domina
Page 101 and 102: gives 0.1 to 10 µg/l as the range
Page 103 and 104: mineral in reducing ore zones (Fron
Page 105 and 106: Percent Distribution 100 80 60 40 2
Page 107 and 108: 5.11.6 Partition Coefficient, K d ,
Page 109 and 110: No attempt was made to statisticall
Page 111 and 112: Table 5.18. Selected chemical and t
Page 113 and 114: Another objective of this report is
Page 115 and 116: 6.0 REFERENCES Adriano, D. C. 1992.
Page 117 and 118: Bensen, D. W. 1960. Review of Soil
Page 119 and 120: Metals by Geomedia. Variables, Mech
Page 121 and 122: EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection
Page 123: Griffin, R. A., A. K. Au, and R. R.
Page 127 and 128: Mattigod, S. V., A. L. Page, and I.
Page 129 and 130: Oscarson, D. W., and H. B. Hume. 19
Page 131 and 132: Relyea, J. F. and D. A. Brown. 1978
Page 133 and 134: Schultz, R. K., R. Overstreet, and
Page 135 and 136: Szalay, A. 1964. “Cation Exchange
Page 137 and 138: Yariv, S., and H. Cross. 1979. Geoc
Page 139 and 140: APPENDIX A Acronyms, Abbreviations,
Page 141 and 142: PC Personal computers operating und
Page 143 and 144: A.3.0 List of Symbols and Notation
Page 145 and 146: APPENDIX B Definitions
Page 147 and 148: Clay Content - particle size fracti
Page 149 and 150: Polynuclear Species - an aqueous sp
Page 151 and 152: C.1.0 Background Appendix C Partiti
Page 153 and 154: Cadmium K d Table C.2. Correlation
Page 155 and 156: C.3.0 Data Set for Soils Table C.4
Page 157 and 158: Cd K d (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt%) pH C
Page 167 and 168: D.1.0 Background Appendix D Partiti
Page 169 and 170: A second data set (see Section D.4)
Page 171 and 172: Table D.3. Correlation coefficients
Page 173 and 174: By transposing the CEC and cesium K
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Table D.6. Cesium K d values measur
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eported in Table D.8 are described
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a 1 b 1 Range of Solution Cs Concen
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Figure D.4. Generalized cesium Freu
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Table D.10. Estimated range of K d
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D.3.0 K d Data Set for Soils and Pu
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Cesium Kd (ml/g) Clay (wt.% ) Mica
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Cesium K d (ml/g) Clay (wt%) Mica (
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Bruggenwert, M. G. M., and A. Kamph
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Shiao, S. Y., P. Rafferty, R. E. Me
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E.1.0 Background Appendix E Partiti
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chromium-reductive soils may stem f
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E.2.0 Approach The approach used to
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Table E.3. Estimated range of K d v
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Table E.4. Data from Rai et al. (19
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E.4.0 References Davis, J. A. and J
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APPENDIX F Partition Coefficients F
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(CEC) of the soils. Such an anomaly
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Table F.1. Summary of K d values fo
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Figure F.2. Variation of K d as a f
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F.4.0 References Abd-Elfattah, A.,
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APPENDIX G Partition Coefficients F
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A number of investigators have exam
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pH value, which is typical of the m
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These significant reductions in ads
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This is typically accomplished by t
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The scatterplots are typically disp
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Table G.2. Regression models for pl
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G.4.0 References Barney, G. S. 1984
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Nelson, D. M., R. P. Larson, and W.
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APPENDIX H Partition Coefficients F
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1.6 ml/g for a measurement made on
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Figure H.1. Relation between stront
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Figure H.2. Relation between stront
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H.2.4 Approach Figure H.4. Relation
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A second look-up table (Table H.5)
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Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Content (%) pH C
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Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Content (%) pH C
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Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Conten t (%) pH
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Konishi, M., K. Yamamoto, T. Yanagi
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APPENDIX I Partition Coefficients F
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descriptive statistics of the thori
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Figure I.1. Linear regression betwe
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The look-up table (Table I.5) for t
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Thorium K d (ml/g) pH Clay (wt.%) C
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Rai, D., A. R. Felmy, D. A. Moore,
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J.1.0 Background Appendix J Partiti
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J.2.2 Uranium K d Studies on Soils
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Washington. The studies included an
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and then decreases with increasing
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Kd (ml/g) 100,000 10,000 1,000 100
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papers. Warnecke et al. (1984) indi
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Anderson et al. (1982) summarize an
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McKinley and Scholtis (1993) compar
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In a similar comparison of sorption
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J.3.1 K d Values as a Function ff p
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discussed, and one would have to ma
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al., 1992; and others). These refer
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· Manskaya et al. (1956) studied a
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concentrations of humic acid, there
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pH U Kd (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt.%) CE
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J.6.0 References Ames, L. L., J. E.
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Erikson, R. L., C. J. Hostetler, R.
Page 330 and 331:
R. C. Ewing. Materials Research Soc
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Sheppard, M. I., and D. H. Thibault
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Yamamoto, T., E. Yunoki, M. Yamakaw
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