UNDERSTANDING VARIATION IN PARTITION COEFFICIENT, Kd ...

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Thorium K d (ml/g) pH Clay (wt.%) CEC 1 (meq/ 100g) Table I.6. Data set containing thorium K d values. OM 1 (wt.%) Fe- Oxides (wt.%) Th (M) Calcite (wt.%) I.9 Solution Chemistry 10,0000 7.6 3 Synthetic GW 1 , pH 6.6 500,000 6 40 0 Syn. GW, 232 Th Competing Ion 1,000 4 40 0 Syn. GW, 232 Th Competing Ion 100,000 8 12 60 Syn. GW, 232 Th Competing Ion 150,000 7 30 25 Syn. GW, 232 Th Competing Ion 100 10 12 60 Syn. GW, 232 Th Competing Ion Soil ID and Characteristics Ref 2 Soil A 1 Silt+Qtz Sed., Schist soil 2 Silt+Qtz Sed., Schist soil 2 Silt+Qtz+OM+calcite, Schist Soil Cadarache Sed. 2 Silt+Qtz+OM+calcite, Schist Soil 24,000 6 Groundwater Glacial till, Clay 3 5,800 6 Groundwater Fine Coarse Sand 3 1,028.6 5.1 2.9 Gleyed Dystric Brunisol, Ae Horizon 4-15 cm 1,271 5.2 2.1 Gleyed Dystric Brunisol, Bf Horizon1 5-45 cm 5,000 4.5 Jefferson City, Wyoming, Fine Sandstone and Silty Clay 10,000 5.8 Jefferson City, Wyoming, Fine Sandstone and Silty Clay 15,000 7 Jefferson City, Wyoming, Fine Sandstone and Silty Clay 1,578 5.2 81.2 Groundwater Gleyed Dystric Brunisol, Ah Horizon 1,862.5 5.1 2.9 Groundwater Gleyed Dystric Brunisol, Ae Horizon 1,153.7 5.2 2.1 Groundwater Gleyed Dystric Brunisol, Bf Horizon 206.9 6.2 1.7 Groundwater Gleyed Dystric Brunisol, C Horizon 1 CEC = cation exchange capacity, OC = organic matter, GW = groundwater. 2 References: 1 =Legoux et al., 1992; 2 =Rancon, 1973; 3 = Bell and Bates, 1988; 4= Sheppard et al., 1987; 5 = Haji-Djafari et al., 1981; 6 = Thibault et al., 1990. 2 2 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6
I.5.0 References Ames, L. L., and D. Rai. 1978. Radionuclide Interactions with Soil and Rock Media. Volume 1: Processes Influencing Radionuclide Mobility and Retention, element Chemistry and Geochemistry, and Conclusions and Evaluation. EPA 520/6-78-007 A, Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington. Bell, J., and T. H. Bates. 1988. “Distribution Coefficients of Radionuclides Between Soils and Groundwaters and Their Dependence on Various Test Parameters.” The Science of the Total Environment, 69:297-317. Felmy, A. R., D. Rai, and D. A. Moore. 1993. “The Solubility of Hydrous Thorium(IV) Oxide in Chloride Media: Development of an Aqueous Ion-Interaction Model.” Radiochimica Acta, 55:177-185. Haji-Djafari, S., P. E. Antommaria, and H. L. Crouse. 1981. Attenuation of Radionuclides and Toxic Elements by In Situ Soils at a Uranium Tailings Pond in Central Wyoming. In Permeability and Groundwater Contaminant Transport, (eds.) T. F. Zimmie and C. O. Riggs, pp. 221-242. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Hem, J. D. 1985. Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Characteristics of Natural Water. U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2254, U.S. Geological Survey, Alexandria, Virginia. 1985 Hunter, K. A., D. J. Hawke, and L. K. Choo. 1988. “Equilibrium Adsorption of Thorium by Metal Oxides in Marine Electrolytes.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52:627-636. LaFlamme, B. D., and J. W. Murray. 1987. “Solid/Solution Interaction: The Effect of Carbonate Alkalinity on Adsorbed Thorium.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 51:243-250. Landa, E. R., A. H. Le, R. L. Luck, and P. J. Yeich. 1995. “Sorption and Coprecipitation of Trace Concentrations of Thorium with Various Minerals Under Conditions Simulating an Acid Uranium Mill Effluent Environment.” Inorganica Chimica Acta, 229:247-252. Legoux, Y., G. Blain, R. Guillaumont, G. Ouzounian, L. Brillard, and M. Hussonnois. 1992. “K d Measurements of Activation, Fission, and Heavy Elements in Water/Solid Phase Systems.” Radiochimica Acta, 58/59:211-218. I.10
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United States Office of Air and Rad
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NOTICE The following two-volume rep
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This publication is the result of a
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TO COMMENT ON THIS GUIDE OR PROVIDE
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CONTENTS NOTICE ...................
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Concentrations Extractable Iron Con
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Appendix A - Acronyms and Abbreviat
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Figure E.1. Variation of K d for Cr
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Table 5.16. Uranium(VI) aqueous spe
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Table H.3. Simple and multiple regr
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1.0 Introduction The objective of t
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discussed. The geochemical modeling
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2.0 The K d Model The simplest and
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track many more parameters and some
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of interest. The retardation factor
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(e.g., soil). An increasing body of
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complexation constants for the cont
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the soil column. Additionally, the
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Element Table 5.2. Concentrations o
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5.2.3 Aqueous Speciation Cadmium fo
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5.2.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Cop
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cadmium, indicating that cadmium an
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5.2.6.2.2 Limits of K d Values with
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organic chelates (e.g., EDTA). Init
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(tarapacaite) in chromium sludge fr
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K d). Soils containing Mn oxides ox
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Table 5.7. Estimated range of Kd va
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most common valence state of lead e
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Table 5.8. Lead aqueous species inc
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Under reducing conditions, galena (
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C Adsorption of lead increases with
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(Choppin, 1983). Plutonium hydrolyt
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Table 5.10. Plutonium aqueous speci
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5.6.5 Sorption/Desorption Plutonium
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content in the system. Additionally
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much greater concentrations. Thus,
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exchanged which they attributed to
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up tables was based in part on thei
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organic complexes likely predominat
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Thorium undergoes hydrolysis in aqu
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The distribution of thorium aqueous
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from about 10 -8.5 mol/l (0.0007 mg
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Based on the assumptions and limita
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5.10 Tritium Geochemistry And K d V
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uranium. Uranium(VI) species domina
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gives 0.1 to 10 µg/l as the range
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mineral in reducing ore zones (Fron
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Percent Distribution 100 80 60 40 2
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5.11.6 Partition Coefficient, K d ,
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No attempt was made to statisticall
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Table 5.18. Selected chemical and t
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Another objective of this report is
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6.0 REFERENCES Adriano, D. C. 1992.
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Bensen, D. W. 1960. Review of Soil
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Metals by Geomedia. Variables, Mech
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EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection
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Griffin, R. A., A. K. Au, and R. R.
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+ Keeney-Kennicutt, W. L., and J. W
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Mattigod, S. V., A. L. Page, and I.
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Oscarson, D. W., and H. B. Hume. 19
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Relyea, J. F. and D. A. Brown. 1978
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Schultz, R. K., R. Overstreet, and
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Szalay, A. 1964. “Cation Exchange
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Yariv, S., and H. Cross. 1979. Geoc
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APPENDIX A Acronyms, Abbreviations,
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PC Personal computers operating und
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A.3.0 List of Symbols and Notation
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APPENDIX B Definitions
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Clay Content - particle size fracti
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Polynuclear Species - an aqueous sp
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C.1.0 Background Appendix C Partiti
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Cadmium K d Table C.2. Correlation
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C.3.0 Data Set for Soils Table C.4
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Cd K d (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt%) pH C
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D.1.0 Background Appendix D Partiti
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A second data set (see Section D.4)
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Table D.3. Correlation coefficients
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By transposing the CEC and cesium K
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Table D.6. Cesium K d values measur
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eported in Table D.8 are described
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a 1 b 1 Range of Solution Cs Concen
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Figure D.4. Generalized cesium Freu
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Table D.10. Estimated range of K d
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D.3.0 K d Data Set for Soils and Pu
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Cesium Kd (ml/g) Clay (wt.% ) Mica
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Cesium K d (ml/g) Clay (wt%) Mica (
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Bruggenwert, M. G. M., and A. Kamph
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Shiao, S. Y., P. Rafferty, R. E. Me
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E.1.0 Background Appendix E Partiti
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chromium-reductive soils may stem f
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E.2.0 Approach The approach used to
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Table E.3. Estimated range of K d v
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Table E.4. Data from Rai et al. (19
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E.4.0 References Davis, J. A. and J
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APPENDIX F Partition Coefficients F
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(CEC) of the soils. Such an anomaly
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Table F.1. Summary of K d values fo
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Figure F.2. Variation of K d as a f
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F.4.0 References Abd-Elfattah, A.,
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APPENDIX G Partition Coefficients F
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Page 234 and 235: Table G.2. Regression models for pl
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Page 238 and 239: Nelson, D. M., R. P. Larson, and W.
Page 240 and 241: APPENDIX H Partition Coefficients F
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Page 244 and 245: Figure H.1. Relation between stront
Page 246 and 247: Figure H.2. Relation between stront
Page 248 and 249: H.2.4 Approach Figure H.4. Relation
Page 250 and 251: A second look-up table (Table H.5)
Page 252 and 253: Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Content (%) pH C
Page 254 and 255: Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Content (%) pH C
Page 256 and 257: Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Conten t (%) pH
Page 264 and 265: Konishi, M., K. Yamamoto, T. Yanagi
Page 266 and 267: APPENDIX I Partition Coefficients F
Page 268 and 269: descriptive statistics of the thori
Page 270 and 271: Figure I.1. Linear regression betwe
Page 272 and 273: The look-up table (Table I.5) for t
Page 276 and 277: Rai, D., A. R. Felmy, D. A. Moore,
Page 278 and 279: J.1.0 Background Appendix J Partiti
Page 280 and 281: J.2.2 Uranium K d Studies on Soils
Page 282 and 283: Washington. The studies included an
Page 284 and 285: and then decreases with increasing
Page 286 and 287: Kd (ml/g) 100,000 10,000 1,000 100
Page 288 and 289: papers. Warnecke et al. (1984) indi
Page 290 and 291: Anderson et al. (1982) summarize an
Page 292 and 293: McKinley and Scholtis (1993) compar
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Page 296 and 297: J.3.1 K d Values as a Function ff p
Page 298 and 299: discussed, and one would have to ma
Page 300 and 301: al., 1992; and others). These refer
Page 302 and 303: · Manskaya et al. (1956) studied a
Page 304 and 305: concentrations of humic acid, there
Page 306 and 307: pH U Kd (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt.%) CE
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pH U Kd (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt.%) CE
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J.6.0 References Ames, L. L., J. E.
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Erikson, R. L., C. J. Hostetler, R.
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R. C. Ewing. Materials Research Soc
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Sheppard, M. I., and D. H. Thibault
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Yamamoto, T., E. Yunoki, M. Yamakaw
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UNDERSTANDING VARIATION IN PARTITION COEFFICIENT, Kd ...

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