UNDERSTANDING VARIATION IN PARTITION COEFFICIENT, Kd ...

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F.4.0 References Abd-Elfattah, A., and K. Wada. 1981. “Adsorption of Lead, Copper, Zinc, Cobalt, and Cadmium by Soils that Differ in Cation-Exchange Material.” Journal of Soil Science, 32:71- 283. Bargar, J. R., G. E. Brown, Jr., and G. A. Parks. 1998. “Surface Complexation of Pb(II) at Oxide-Water Interface: III. XAFS Determination of Pb(II) and Pb(II)-Chloro Adsorption Complexes on Goethite and Alumina.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62(2):193-207. Bittel, J. R., and R. J. Miller. 1974. “Lead, Cadmium, and Calcium Selectivity Coefficients on Montmorillonite, Illite, and Kaolinite.” Journal of Environmental Quality, 3:250-253. Braids, O. C., F. J. Drone, R. Gadde, H. A. Laitenen, and J. E. Bittel. 1972. “Movement of Lead in Soil-Water System.” In Environmental Pollution of Lead and Other Metals. pp 164-238, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. Chow, T. J. 1978. “Lead in Natural Waters.” In The Biogeochemistry of Lead in the Environment. Part A. Ecological Cycles., J. O. Nriagu (ed.), pp. 185-218, Elsevier/North Holland, New York, New York. Forbes, E. A., A. M. Posner, and J. P. Quirk. 1976. “The Specific Adsorption of Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, and Zn on Goethite.” Journal of Soil Science, 27:154-166. Gerritse, R. G., R. Vriesema, J. W. Dalenberg, and H. P. De Roos. 1982. “Effect of Sewage Sludge on Trace Element Mobility in Soils.” Journal of Environmental Quality, 11:359-364. Grasselly, G., and M. Hetenyi. 1971. “The Role of Manganese Minerals in the Migration of Elements.” Society of Mining Geology of Japan, Special Issue 3:474-477. Griffin, R. A., and N. F. Shimp. 1976. “Effect of pH on Exchange-Adsorption or Precipitation of Lead from Landfill Leachates by Clay Minerals.” Environmental Science and Technology, 10:1256-1261. Haji-Djafari, S., P. E. Antommaria, and H. L. Crouse. 1981. “Attenuation of Radionuclides and Toxic Elements by In Situ Soils at a Uranium Tailings Pond in central Wyoming.” In Permeability and Groundwater Contaminant Transport, T. F. Zimmie, and C. O. Riggs (eds.), pp 221-242. ASTM STP 746. American Society of Testing Materials. Washington, D.C. Hildebrand, E. E., and W. E. Blum. 1974. “Lead Fixation by Clay Minerals.” Naturewissenschaften, 61:169-170. F.9
Leckie, J. O., M. M. Benjamin, K. Hayes, G. Kaufman, and S. Altman. 1980. Adsorption/Coprecipitation of Trace Elements from Water with Iron Oxyhydroxides. EPRI-RP-910, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California. Overstreet, R., and C. Krishnamurthy. 1950. “An Experimental Evaluation of Ion-exchange Relationships. ” Soil Science, 69:41-50. Peters, R. W., and L. Shem. 1992. “Adsorption/Desorption Characteristics of Lead on Various Types of Soil.” Environmental Progress, 11:234-240. Rhoads, K., B. N. Bjornstad, R. E. Lewis, S. S. Teel, K. J. Cantrell, R. J. Serne, J. L. Smoot, C. T. Kincaid, and S. K. Wurstner. 1992. Estimation of the Release and Migration of Lead Through Soils and Groundwater at the Hanford Site 218-E-12B Burial Ground. Volume 1: Final Report. PNL-8356 Volume 1, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington. Rhoades, J. D. 1996. “Salinity: electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids.” In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3, Chemical Methods, J. M. Bigham (ed.), pp. 417-436. Soil Science Society of America Inc., Madison, Wisconsin. Richards, L. A. 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. Agricultural Handbook 60, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Rickard, D. T., and J. E. Nriagu. 1978. “Aqueous Environmental Chemistry of Lead.” In The Biogeochemistry of Lead in the Environment. Part A. Ecological Cycles, J. O. Nriagu (ed.), pp. 291-284, Elsevier/North Holland, New York, New York. Scrudato, R. J., and E. L. Estes. 1975. “Clay-Lead Sorption Studies.” Environmental Geology, 1:167-170. Sheppard, S. C., W. G. Evenden, and R. J. Pollock. 1989. “Uptake of Natural Radionuclides by Field and Garden Crops.” Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 69:751-767. Singh, B, and G. S. Sekhon. 1977. “Adsorption, Desorption and Solubility Relationships of Lead and Cadmium in Some Alkaline Soils.” Journal of Soil Science, 28:271-275. Soldatini, G. F., R. Riffaldi, and R. Levi-Minzi. 1976. “Lead adsorption by Soils.” Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 6:111-128. Tso, T.C. 1970. “Limited Removal of 210 Po and 210 Pb from Soil and Fertilizer Leaching.” Agronomy Journal, 62:663-664. Zimdahl, R. L., and J. J. Hassett. 1977. “Lead in Soil.” In Lead in the Environment. W. R. Boggess and B. G. Wixson (eds.), pp. 93-98. NSF/RA-770214. National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. F.10
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United States Office of Air and Rad
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NOTICE The following two-volume rep
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This publication is the result of a
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TO COMMENT ON THIS GUIDE OR PROVIDE
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CONTENTS NOTICE ...................
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Concentrations Extractable Iron Con
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Appendix A - Acronyms and Abbreviat
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Figure E.1. Variation of K d for Cr
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Table 5.16. Uranium(VI) aqueous spe
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Table H.3. Simple and multiple regr
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1.0 Introduction The objective of t
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discussed. The geochemical modeling
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2.0 The K d Model The simplest and
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track many more parameters and some
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of interest. The retardation factor
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(e.g., soil). An increasing body of
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complexation constants for the cont
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the soil column. Additionally, the
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Element Table 5.2. Concentrations o
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5.2.3 Aqueous Speciation Cadmium fo
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5.2.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Cop
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cadmium, indicating that cadmium an
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5.2.6.2.2 Limits of K d Values with
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organic chelates (e.g., EDTA). Init
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(tarapacaite) in chromium sludge fr
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K d). Soils containing Mn oxides ox
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Table 5.7. Estimated range of Kd va
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most common valence state of lead e
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Table 5.8. Lead aqueous species inc
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Under reducing conditions, galena (
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C Adsorption of lead increases with
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(Choppin, 1983). Plutonium hydrolyt
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Table 5.10. Plutonium aqueous speci
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5.6.5 Sorption/Desorption Plutonium
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content in the system. Additionally
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much greater concentrations. Thus,
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exchanged which they attributed to
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up tables was based in part on thei
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organic complexes likely predominat
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Thorium undergoes hydrolysis in aqu
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The distribution of thorium aqueous
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from about 10 -8.5 mol/l (0.0007 mg
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Based on the assumptions and limita
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5.10 Tritium Geochemistry And K d V
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uranium. Uranium(VI) species domina
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gives 0.1 to 10 µg/l as the range
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mineral in reducing ore zones (Fron
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Percent Distribution 100 80 60 40 2
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5.11.6 Partition Coefficient, K d ,
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No attempt was made to statisticall
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Table 5.18. Selected chemical and t
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Another objective of this report is
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6.0 REFERENCES Adriano, D. C. 1992.
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Bensen, D. W. 1960. Review of Soil
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Metals by Geomedia. Variables, Mech
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EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection
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Griffin, R. A., A. K. Au, and R. R.
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+ Keeney-Kennicutt, W. L., and J. W
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Mattigod, S. V., A. L. Page, and I.
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Oscarson, D. W., and H. B. Hume. 19
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Relyea, J. F. and D. A. Brown. 1978
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Schultz, R. K., R. Overstreet, and
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Szalay, A. 1964. “Cation Exchange
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Yariv, S., and H. Cross. 1979. Geoc
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APPENDIX A Acronyms, Abbreviations,
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PC Personal computers operating und
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A.3.0 List of Symbols and Notation
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APPENDIX B Definitions
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Clay Content - particle size fracti
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Polynuclear Species - an aqueous sp
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C.1.0 Background Appendix C Partiti
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Cadmium K d Table C.2. Correlation
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C.3.0 Data Set for Soils Table C.4
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Cd K d (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt%) pH C
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D.1.0 Background Appendix D Partiti
Page 169 and 170: A second data set (see Section D.4)
Page 171 and 172: Table D.3. Correlation coefficients
Page 173 and 174: By transposing the CEC and cesium K
Page 175 and 176: Table D.6. Cesium K d values measur
Page 177 and 178: eported in Table D.8 are described
Page 179 and 180: a 1 b 1 Range of Solution Cs Concen
Page 181 and 182: Figure D.4. Generalized cesium Freu
Page 183 and 184: Table D.10. Estimated range of K d
Page 185 and 186: D.3.0 K d Data Set for Soils and Pu
Page 187 and 188: Cesium Kd (ml/g) Clay (wt.% ) Mica
Page 193 and 194: Cesium K d (ml/g) Clay (wt%) Mica (
Page 195 and 196: Bruggenwert, M. G. M., and A. Kamph
Page 197 and 198: Shiao, S. Y., P. Rafferty, R. E. Me
Page 199 and 200: E.1.0 Background Appendix E Partiti
Page 201 and 202: chromium-reductive soils may stem f
Page 204 and 205: E.2.0 Approach The approach used to
Page 206 and 207: Table E.3. Estimated range of K d v
Page 208 and 209: Table E.4. Data from Rai et al. (19
Page 210 and 211: E.4.0 References Davis, J. A. and J
Page 212 and 213: APPENDIX F Partition Coefficients F
Page 214 and 215: (CEC) of the soils. Such an anomaly
Page 216 and 217: Table F.1. Summary of K d values fo
Page 218 and 219: Figure F.2. Variation of K d as a f
Page 222 and 223: APPENDIX G Partition Coefficients F
Page 224 and 225: A number of investigators have exam
Page 226 and 227: pH value, which is typical of the m
Page 228 and 229: These significant reductions in ads
Page 230 and 231: This is typically accomplished by t
Page 232 and 233: The scatterplots are typically disp
Page 234 and 235: Table G.2. Regression models for pl
Page 236 and 237: G.4.0 References Barney, G. S. 1984
Page 238 and 239: Nelson, D. M., R. P. Larson, and W.
Page 240 and 241: APPENDIX H Partition Coefficients F
Page 242 and 243: 1.6 ml/g for a measurement made on
Page 244 and 245: Figure H.1. Relation between stront
Page 246 and 247: Figure H.2. Relation between stront
Page 248 and 249: H.2.4 Approach Figure H.4. Relation
Page 250 and 251: A second look-up table (Table H.5)
Page 252 and 253: Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Content (%) pH C
Page 254 and 255: Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Content (%) pH C
Page 256 and 257: Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Conten t (%) pH
Page 264 and 265: Konishi, M., K. Yamamoto, T. Yanagi
Page 266 and 267: APPENDIX I Partition Coefficients F
Page 268 and 269: descriptive statistics of the thori
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Figure I.1. Linear regression betwe
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The look-up table (Table I.5) for t
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Thorium K d (ml/g) pH Clay (wt.%) C
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Rai, D., A. R. Felmy, D. A. Moore,
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J.1.0 Background Appendix J Partiti
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J.2.2 Uranium K d Studies on Soils
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Washington. The studies included an
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and then decreases with increasing
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Kd (ml/g) 100,000 10,000 1,000 100
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papers. Warnecke et al. (1984) indi
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Anderson et al. (1982) summarize an
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McKinley and Scholtis (1993) compar
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In a similar comparison of sorption
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J.3.1 K d Values as a Function ff p
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discussed, and one would have to ma
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al., 1992; and others). These refer
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· Manskaya et al. (1956) studied a
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concentrations of humic acid, there
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pH U Kd (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt.%) CE
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J.6.0 References Ames, L. L., J. E.
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Erikson, R. L., C. J. Hostetler, R.
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R. C. Ewing. Materials Research Soc
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Sheppard, M. I., and D. H. Thibault
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Yamamoto, T., E. Yunoki, M. Yamakaw
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