UNDERSTANDING VARIATION IN PARTITION COEFFICIENT, Kd ...

CONTENTS
NOTICE ..................................................................ii
FOREWORD ............................................................. iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .....................................................v
FUTURE UPDATES ....................................................... vi
ABSTRACT ..............................................................vii
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................ xiii
LIST OF TABLES .........................................................xv
1.0 Introduction .......................................................... 1.1
2.0 The K d Model ......................................................... 2.1
3.0 Methods, Issues, and Criteria for Measuring K d Values .......................... 3.1
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3.1 Laboratory Batch Methods ............................................ 3.1
3.2 Laboratory Flow-Through Method ...................................... 3.1
3.3 Other Methods ..................................................... 3.2
3.4 Issues ............................................................ 3.2
4.0 Application of Chemical Reaction Models .................................... 4.1
5.0 Contaminant Geochemistry and K d Values ................................... 5.1
5.1 General ........................................................... 5.1
5.2 Cadmium Geochemistry and K d Values ................................... 5.5
5.2.1 Overview: Important Aqueous- and Solid-Phase Parameters
Controlling Retardation .......................................... 5.5
5.2.2 General Geochemistry ........................................... 5.5
5.2.3 Aqueous Speciation ............................................. 5.6
5.2.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Coprecipitation ............................. 5.8
5.2.5 Sorption/Desorption ............................................. 5.9
5.2.6 Partition Coefficient, K d , Values .................................. 5.10
5.2.6.1 General Availability of K d Values .............................. 5.10
5.2.6.2 Look-Up Tables .......................................... 5.11
5.2.6.2.1 Limits of K d Values with Aluminum/Iron-Oxide Concentrations ..... 5.11
5.2.6.2.2 Limits of K d Values with Respect to CEC ...................... 5.12
5.2.6.2.3 Limits of K d Values with Respect to Clay Concentrations .......... 5.12
5.2.6.2.4 Limits of K d Values with Respect to Concentration of
Organic Matter .......................................... 5.12