UNDERSTANDING VARIATION IN PARTITION COEFFICIENT, Kd ...

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Washington. The studies included an evaluation of the effects of pH, ionic strength, moisture content, and radionuclide concentration on radionuclide adsorption behavior. Methods used for the adsorption measurements included saturated batch adsorption experiments, unsaturated batch adsorption experiments, and unsaturated column adsorption experiments based on the Unsaturated Flow Apparatus (UFA). The measurements were conducted using uncontaminated pH 8.46 groundwater and the
wt.% plagioclase feldspar, and minor amounts of other silicate, clay, hydrous oxide, and carbonate minerals. The column tests were run using a site-specific groundwater and standard saturated column systems, commercial and modified Wierenga unsaturated column systems, and the Unsaturated Flow Apparatus (UFA). The results of the column tests indicated that the K d values for uranium on this sediment material decrease as the sediment becomes less saturated. A K d value of 2 ml/g was determined from a saturated column test conducted at a pore water velocity of 1.0 cm/h and residence time of 1.24 h. However, at 29 percent water saturation, the measured K d value decreases by 70 percent to 0.6 ml/g (pore water velocity of 0.3 cm/h and residence time of 20.6 h). The K d values listed in Lindenmeier et al. (1995, Table 4.1) are given in Table J.5. Salter et al. (1981) investigated the effects of temperature, pressure, groundwater composition, and redox conditions on the sorption behavior of several radionuclides, including uranium, on Columbia River basalts. Uranium K d values were determined at 23 and 60 " C under oxidizing and reducing conditions using a batch technique. The measurements were conducted with 2 synthetic groundwater solutions (GR-1 and GR-2) that have compositions representative of the groundwater present in basalt formations at DOE’s Hanford Site, Richland, Washington. The GR-1 and GR-2 solutions represent a pH 8 sodium bicarbonate-buffered groundwater and a pH 10 silicic acid-buffered groundwater. The synthetic groundwater solutions were mixed with the crushed basalt material (0.03-0.85 mm size fraction) in a ratio of 10 ml/1 g. The contact time for the measurements was approximately 60 days. The K d values were determined for initial concentrations of 1.0x10 -4 , 1.0x10 -5 , 1.0x10 -6 , 1.0x10 -7 , and 2.15x10 -8 M uranium. The K d values listed in Table J.5 from Salter et al. (1981) include only those for 23 " C under oxidizing conditions. The reader is referred to Salter et al. (1981) for a description of the measurement procedure and results for reducing conditions. Serkiz and Johnson (1994) (and related report by Johnson et al., 1994) investigated the partitioning of uranium on soil in contaminated groundwater downgradient of the F and H Area Seepage Basins at DOE’s Savannah River Site in South Carolina. Their study included determination of an extensive set of field-derived K d values for 238 U and 235 U for 48 soil/porewater samples. The K d values were determined from analyses of 238 U and 235 U in soil samples and associated porewaters taken from contaminated zones downgradient of the seepage basins. It should be noted that the mass concentration of 235 U is significantly less than (e.g.,
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United States Office of Air and Rad
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NOTICE The following two-volume rep
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This publication is the result of a
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TO COMMENT ON THIS GUIDE OR PROVIDE
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CONTENTS NOTICE ...................
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Concentrations Extractable Iron Con
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Appendix A - Acronyms and Abbreviat
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Figure E.1. Variation of K d for Cr
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Table 5.16. Uranium(VI) aqueous spe
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Table H.3. Simple and multiple regr
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1.0 Introduction The objective of t
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discussed. The geochemical modeling
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2.0 The K d Model The simplest and
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track many more parameters and some
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of interest. The retardation factor
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(e.g., soil). An increasing body of
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complexation constants for the cont
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the soil column. Additionally, the
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Element Table 5.2. Concentrations o
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5.2.3 Aqueous Speciation Cadmium fo
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5.2.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Cop
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cadmium, indicating that cadmium an
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5.2.6.2.2 Limits of K d Values with
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organic chelates (e.g., EDTA). Init
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(tarapacaite) in chromium sludge fr
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K d). Soils containing Mn oxides ox
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Table 5.7. Estimated range of Kd va
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most common valence state of lead e
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Table 5.8. Lead aqueous species inc
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Under reducing conditions, galena (
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C Adsorption of lead increases with
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(Choppin, 1983). Plutonium hydrolyt
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Table 5.10. Plutonium aqueous speci
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5.6.5 Sorption/Desorption Plutonium
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content in the system. Additionally
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much greater concentrations. Thus,
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exchanged which they attributed to
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up tables was based in part on thei
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organic complexes likely predominat
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Thorium undergoes hydrolysis in aqu
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The distribution of thorium aqueous
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from about 10 -8.5 mol/l (0.0007 mg
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Based on the assumptions and limita
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5.10 Tritium Geochemistry And K d V
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uranium. Uranium(VI) species domina
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gives 0.1 to 10 µg/l as the range
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mineral in reducing ore zones (Fron
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Percent Distribution 100 80 60 40 2
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5.11.6 Partition Coefficient, K d ,
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No attempt was made to statisticall
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Table 5.18. Selected chemical and t
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Another objective of this report is
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6.0 REFERENCES Adriano, D. C. 1992.
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Bensen, D. W. 1960. Review of Soil
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Metals by Geomedia. Variables, Mech
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EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection
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Griffin, R. A., A. K. Au, and R. R.
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+ Keeney-Kennicutt, W. L., and J. W
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Mattigod, S. V., A. L. Page, and I.
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Oscarson, D. W., and H. B. Hume. 19
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Relyea, J. F. and D. A. Brown. 1978
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Schultz, R. K., R. Overstreet, and
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Szalay, A. 1964. “Cation Exchange
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Yariv, S., and H. Cross. 1979. Geoc
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APPENDIX A Acronyms, Abbreviations,
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PC Personal computers operating und
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A.3.0 List of Symbols and Notation
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APPENDIX B Definitions
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Clay Content - particle size fracti
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Polynuclear Species - an aqueous sp
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C.1.0 Background Appendix C Partiti
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Cadmium K d Table C.2. Correlation
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C.3.0 Data Set for Soils Table C.4
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Cd K d (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt%) pH C
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D.1.0 Background Appendix D Partiti
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A second data set (see Section D.4)
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Table D.3. Correlation coefficients
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By transposing the CEC and cesium K
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Table D.6. Cesium K d values measur
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eported in Table D.8 are described
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a 1 b 1 Range of Solution Cs Concen
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Figure D.4. Generalized cesium Freu
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Table D.10. Estimated range of K d
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D.3.0 K d Data Set for Soils and Pu
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Cesium Kd (ml/g) Clay (wt.% ) Mica
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Cesium K d (ml/g) Clay (wt%) Mica (
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Bruggenwert, M. G. M., and A. Kamph
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Shiao, S. Y., P. Rafferty, R. E. Me
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E.1.0 Background Appendix E Partiti
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chromium-reductive soils may stem f
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E.2.0 Approach The approach used to
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Table E.3. Estimated range of K d v
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Table E.4. Data from Rai et al. (19
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E.4.0 References Davis, J. A. and J
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APPENDIX F Partition Coefficients F
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(CEC) of the soils. Such an anomaly
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Table F.1. Summary of K d values fo
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Figure F.2. Variation of K d as a f
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F.4.0 References Abd-Elfattah, A.,
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APPENDIX G Partition Coefficients F
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A number of investigators have exam
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pH value, which is typical of the m
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These significant reductions in ads
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This is typically accomplished by t
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Page 234 and 235: Table G.2. Regression models for pl
Page 236 and 237: G.4.0 References Barney, G. S. 1984
Page 238 and 239: Nelson, D. M., R. P. Larson, and W.
Page 240 and 241: APPENDIX H Partition Coefficients F
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Page 244 and 245: Figure H.1. Relation between stront
Page 246 and 247: Figure H.2. Relation between stront
Page 248 and 249: H.2.4 Approach Figure H.4. Relation
Page 250 and 251: A second look-up table (Table H.5)
Page 252 and 253: Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Content (%) pH C
Page 254 and 255: Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Content (%) pH C
Page 256 and 257: Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Conten t (%) pH
Page 264 and 265: Konishi, M., K. Yamamoto, T. Yanagi
Page 266 and 267: APPENDIX I Partition Coefficients F
Page 268 and 269: descriptive statistics of the thori
Page 270 and 271: Figure I.1. Linear regression betwe
Page 272 and 273: The look-up table (Table I.5) for t
Page 274 and 275: Thorium K d (ml/g) pH Clay (wt.%) C
Page 276 and 277: Rai, D., A. R. Felmy, D. A. Moore,
Page 278 and 279: J.1.0 Background Appendix J Partiti
Page 280 and 281: J.2.2 Uranium K d Studies on Soils
Page 284 and 285: and then decreases with increasing
Page 286 and 287: Kd (ml/g) 100,000 10,000 1,000 100
Page 288 and 289: papers. Warnecke et al. (1984) indi
Page 290 and 291: Anderson et al. (1982) summarize an
Page 292 and 293: McKinley and Scholtis (1993) compar
Page 294 and 295: In a similar comparison of sorption
Page 296 and 297: J.3.1 K d Values as a Function ff p
Page 298 and 299: discussed, and one would have to ma
Page 300 and 301: al., 1992; and others). These refer
Page 302 and 303: · Manskaya et al. (1956) studied a
Page 304 and 305: concentrations of humic acid, there
Page 306 and 307: pH U Kd (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt.%) CE
Page 326 and 327: J.6.0 References Ames, L. L., J. E.
Page 328 and 329: Erikson, R. L., C. J. Hostetler, R.
Page 330 and 331: R. C. Ewing. Materials Research Soc
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Sheppard, M. I., and D. H. Thibault
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Yamamoto, T., E. Yunoki, M. Yamakaw
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