UNDERSTANDING VARIATION IN PARTITION COEFFICIENT, Kd ...

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Rai, D., A. R. Felmy, D. A. Moore, and M. J. Mason. 1995. “The Solubility of Th(IV) and U(IV) Hydrous Oxides in Concentrated NaHCO 3 and Na 2CO 3 Solutions.” In Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XVIII, Part 2, T. Murakami and R. C. Ewing (eds.), pp. 1143-1150, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Volume 353, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Rai, D., B. M. Sass, and D. A. Moore. 1987. “Chromium(III) Hydrolysis Constants and Solubility of Chromium(III) Hydroxide.” Inorganic Chemistry, 26:345-349. Rai, D., R. J. Serne, and D. A. Moore. 1980a. “Solubility of Plutonium Compounds and Their Behavior in Soils.” Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44:490-495. Rai D., R. J. Serne, and J. L. Swanson. 1980b. “Solution Species of Plutonium in the Environment.” Journal of Environmental Quality, 9:417-420. Rai, D., and J. M. Zachara. 1984. Chemical Attenuation Rates, Coefficients, and Constants in Leachate Migration. Volume 1: A Critical Review. EA-3356, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California. Rai, D., J. M. Zachara, L. E. Eary, C. C. Ainsworth, J. D. Amonette, C. E. Cowan, R. W. Szelmeczka, C. T. Resch, R. L. Schmidt, S. C. Smith, and D. C. Girvin. 1988. Chromium Reactions in Geologic Materials. EPRI-EA-5741, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California. Rai, D., J. M. Zachara, L. E. Eary, D. C. Girvin, D. A. Moore, C. T. Resch, B. M. Sass, and R. L. Schmidt. 1986. Geochemical Behavior of Chromium Species. EPRI-EA-4544. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California. Rama, and W. S. Moore. 1984. “Mechanism of Transport of U-Th Series Radioisotopes from Solids into Ground Water.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48:395-399. Read, D., T. A. Lawless, R. J. Sims, and K. R. Butter. 1993. “Uranium Migration Through Intact Sandstone Cores.” Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 13:277-289. Redden, G. D., J. Li, and J. Leckie. 1998. “Adsorption of U VI and Citric Acid on Goethite, Gibbsite, and Kaolinite: Comparing Results for Binary and Ternary Systems.” In Adsorption of Metals by Geomedia. Variables, Mechanisms, and Model Applications, E. A. Jenne (ed.), pp. 291-315, Academic Press, San Diego, California. Reid, J. C., and B. McDuffie. 1981. “Sorption of Trace Cadmium in Clay Minerals and River Sediments: Effects of pH and Cd(II) Concentrations in a Synthetic River Water Medium.” Water Air and Soil Pollution, 15:375-386. 6.16
Relyea, J. F. and D. A. Brown. 1978. “Adsorption and Diffusion of Plutonium in Soil.” In Environmental Chemistry and Cycling Process, CONF-760429, Technical Information Center, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. Rhoades, J. D. 1996. “Salinity: Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids.” In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3, Chemical Methods, J. M. Bigham (ed.), pp. 417-436. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin. Rhoads, K., B. N. Bjornstad, R. E. Lewis, S. S. Teel, K. J. Cantrell, R. J. Serne, J. L. Smoot, C. T. Kincaid, and S. K. Wurstner. 1992. Estimation of the Release and Migration of Lead Through Soils and Groundwater at the Hanford Site 218-E-12B Burial Ground. Volume 1: Final Report. PNL-8356 Volume 1, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington. Rhodehamel, E. C., V. B. Kron, and V. M. Dougherty. 1971. Bibliography of Tritium Studies Related to Hydrology Through 1966. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1900, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. Rhodes, D. W. 1957. “The Effect of pH on the Uptake of Radioactive Isotopes from Solution by a Soil.” Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 21:389-392. Rhodes, D. W., and J. L. Nelson. 1957. Disposal of Radioactive Liquid Wastes From the Uranium Recovery Plant. HW-54721, Westinghouse Hanford Company, Richland, Washington. Richard, F. C., and A. C. M. Bourg. 1991. “Aqueous Geochemistry of Chromium: A Review.” Water Research, 25:807-816. Rickard, D. T., and J. E. Nriagu. 1978. “Aqueous Environmental Chemistry of Lead.” In The Biogeochemistry of Lead in the Environment. Part A. Ecological Cycles. J. O. Nriagu (ed.), pp. 219-284, Elsevier/North-Holland, New York, New York. Richards, L. A. 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. Agricultural Handbook 60, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Robbins, J. A. 1978. “Geochemical and Geophysical Applications of Radioactive Lead.” In The Biogeochemistry of Lead in the Environment. Part A. Ecological Cycles, J. O. Nriagu (ed.), pp. 285-394, Elsevier/North-Holland, New York, New York. Roberts H., and R. G. Menzel. 1961. “Availability of Exchange and Nonexchangeable Sr-90 to Plants.” Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 9:95-98. Rosentreter, J. J., H. S. Quarder, R. W. Smith, and T. McLing. 1998. “Uranium Sorption onto Natural Sands as a Function of Sediment Characteristics and Solution pH.” In Adsorption of 6.17
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United States Office of Air and Rad
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NOTICE The following two-volume rep
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This publication is the result of a
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TO COMMENT ON THIS GUIDE OR PROVIDE
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CONTENTS NOTICE ...................
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Concentrations Extractable Iron Con
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Appendix A - Acronyms and Abbreviat
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Figure E.1. Variation of K d for Cr
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Table 5.16. Uranium(VI) aqueous spe
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Table H.3. Simple and multiple regr
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1.0 Introduction The objective of t
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discussed. The geochemical modeling
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2.0 The K d Model The simplest and
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track many more parameters and some
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of interest. The retardation factor
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(e.g., soil). An increasing body of
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complexation constants for the cont
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the soil column. Additionally, the
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Element Table 5.2. Concentrations o
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5.2.3 Aqueous Speciation Cadmium fo
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5.2.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Cop
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cadmium, indicating that cadmium an
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5.2.6.2.2 Limits of K d Values with
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5.3.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Cop
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organic chelates (e.g., EDTA). Init
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(tarapacaite) in chromium sludge fr
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K d). Soils containing Mn oxides ox
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Table 5.7. Estimated range of Kd va
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most common valence state of lead e
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Table 5.8. Lead aqueous species inc
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Under reducing conditions, galena (
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C Adsorption of lead increases with
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(Choppin, 1983). Plutonium hydrolyt
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Table 5.10. Plutonium aqueous speci
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5.6.5 Sorption/Desorption Plutonium
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content in the system. Additionally
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Page 79 and 80: 5.7.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Cop
Page 81 and 82: much greater concentrations. Thus,
Page 83 and 84: exchanged which they attributed to
Page 85 and 86: up tables was based in part on thei
Page 87 and 88: organic complexes likely predominat
Page 89 and 90: Thorium undergoes hydrolysis in aqu
Page 91 and 92: The distribution of thorium aqueous
Page 93 and 94: from about 10 -8.5 mol/l (0.0007 mg
Page 95 and 96: Based on the assumptions and limita
Page 97 and 98: 5.10 Tritium Geochemistry And K d V
Page 99 and 100: uranium. Uranium(VI) species domina
Page 101 and 102: gives 0.1 to 10 µg/l as the range
Page 103 and 104: mineral in reducing ore zones (Fron
Page 105 and 106: Percent Distribution 100 80 60 40 2
Page 107 and 108: 5.11.6 Partition Coefficient, K d ,
Page 109 and 110: No attempt was made to statisticall
Page 111 and 112: Table 5.18. Selected chemical and t
Page 113 and 114: Another objective of this report is
Page 115 and 116: 6.0 REFERENCES Adriano, D. C. 1992.
Page 117 and 118: Bensen, D. W. 1960. Review of Soil
Page 119 and 120: Metals by Geomedia. Variables, Mech
Page 121 and 122: EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection
Page 123 and 124: Griffin, R. A., A. K. Au, and R. R.
Page 125 and 126: + Keeney-Kennicutt, W. L., and J. W
Page 127 and 128: Mattigod, S. V., A. L. Page, and I.
Page 129: Oscarson, D. W., and H. B. Hume. 19
Page 133 and 134: Schultz, R. K., R. Overstreet, and
Page 135 and 136: Szalay, A. 1964. “Cation Exchange
Page 137 and 138: Yariv, S., and H. Cross. 1979. Geoc
Page 139 and 140: APPENDIX A Acronyms, Abbreviations,
Page 141 and 142: PC Personal computers operating und
Page 143 and 144: A.3.0 List of Symbols and Notation
Page 145 and 146: APPENDIX B Definitions
Page 147 and 148: Clay Content - particle size fracti
Page 149 and 150: Polynuclear Species - an aqueous sp
Page 151 and 152: C.1.0 Background Appendix C Partiti
Page 153 and 154: Cadmium K d Table C.2. Correlation
Page 155 and 156: C.3.0 Data Set for Soils Table C.4
Page 157 and 158: Cd K d (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt%) pH C
Page 167 and 168: D.1.0 Background Appendix D Partiti
Page 169 and 170: A second data set (see Section D.4)
Page 171 and 172: Table D.3. Correlation coefficients
Page 173 and 174: By transposing the CEC and cesium K
Page 175 and 176: Table D.6. Cesium K d values measur
Page 177 and 178: eported in Table D.8 are described
Page 179 and 180: a 1 b 1 Range of Solution Cs Concen
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Figure D.4. Generalized cesium Freu
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Table D.10. Estimated range of K d
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D.3.0 K d Data Set for Soils and Pu
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Cesium Kd (ml/g) Clay (wt.% ) Mica
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Cesium K d (ml/g) Clay (wt%) Mica (
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Bruggenwert, M. G. M., and A. Kamph
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Shiao, S. Y., P. Rafferty, R. E. Me
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E.1.0 Background Appendix E Partiti
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chromium-reductive soils may stem f
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E.2.0 Approach The approach used to
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Table E.3. Estimated range of K d v
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Table E.4. Data from Rai et al. (19
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E.4.0 References Davis, J. A. and J
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APPENDIX F Partition Coefficients F
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(CEC) of the soils. Such an anomaly
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Table F.1. Summary of K d values fo
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Figure F.2. Variation of K d as a f
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F.4.0 References Abd-Elfattah, A.,
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APPENDIX G Partition Coefficients F
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A number of investigators have exam
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pH value, which is typical of the m
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These significant reductions in ads
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This is typically accomplished by t
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The scatterplots are typically disp
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Table G.2. Regression models for pl
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G.4.0 References Barney, G. S. 1984
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Nelson, D. M., R. P. Larson, and W.
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APPENDIX H Partition Coefficients F
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1.6 ml/g for a measurement made on
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Figure H.1. Relation between stront
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Figure H.2. Relation between stront
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H.2.4 Approach Figure H.4. Relation
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A second look-up table (Table H.5)
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Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Content (%) pH C
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Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Content (%) pH C
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Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Conten t (%) pH
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Konishi, M., K. Yamamoto, T. Yanagi
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APPENDIX I Partition Coefficients F
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descriptive statistics of the thori
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Figure I.1. Linear regression betwe
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The look-up table (Table I.5) for t
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Thorium K d (ml/g) pH Clay (wt.%) C
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Rai, D., A. R. Felmy, D. A. Moore,
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J.1.0 Background Appendix J Partiti
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J.2.2 Uranium K d Studies on Soils
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Washington. The studies included an
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and then decreases with increasing
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Kd (ml/g) 100,000 10,000 1,000 100
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papers. Warnecke et al. (1984) indi
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Anderson et al. (1982) summarize an
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McKinley and Scholtis (1993) compar
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In a similar comparison of sorption
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J.3.1 K d Values as a Function ff p
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discussed, and one would have to ma
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al., 1992; and others). These refer
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· Manskaya et al. (1956) studied a
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concentrations of humic acid, there
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pH U Kd (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt.%) CE
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J.6.0 References Ames, L. L., J. E.
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Erikson, R. L., C. J. Hostetler, R.
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R. C. Ewing. Materials Research Soc
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Sheppard, M. I., and D. H. Thibault
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Yamamoto, T., E. Yunoki, M. Yamakaw
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