UNDERSTANDING VARIATION IN PARTITION COEFFICIENT, Kd ...

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R. C. Ewing. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Volume 44, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Lindenmeier, C. W., R. J. Serne, J. L. Conca, A. T. Owen, and M. I. Wood. 1995. Solid Waste Leach Characteristics and Contaminant-Sediment Interactions Volume 2: Contaminant Transport Under Unsaturated Moisture Contents. PNL-10722, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington. Looney, B. B., M. W. Grant, and C. M. King. 1987. Estimating of Geochemical Parameters for Assessing Subsurface Transport at the Savannah River Plant. DPST-85-904, Environmental Information Document, E. I. du pont de Nemours and Company, Savannah River Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina. Manskaya, S. M., G. V. Drozdora, and M. P. Yelmel’yanova. 1956. “Fixation of Uranium by Humic Acids and Melanoidins.” Geokhimiya, No. 4. Masuda, K., and T. Yamamoto. 1971. “Studies on Environmental Contamination by Uranium. II. Adsorption of Uranium on Soil and Its Desorption.” Journal of Radiation Research, 12:94-99. McKinley, J. P., J. M. Zachara, S. C. Smith, and G. D. Turner. 1995. “The Influence of Uranyl Hydrolysis and Multiple Site-Binding Reactions on Adsorption of U(VI) to Montmorillonite.” Clays and Clay Minerals, 43(5):586-598. McKinley, G., and A. Scholtis. 1993. “A Comparison of Radionuclide Sorption Databases Used in Recent Performance Assessments.” Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 13:347-363. Morris, D. E., C. J. Chisholm-Brause, M. E. Barr, S. D. Conradson, and P. G. Eller. 1994. 2+ “Optical Spectroscopic Studies of the Sorption of UO2 Species on a Reference Smectite.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58:3613-3623. Neiheisel, J. 1983. Prediction Parameters of Radionuclide Retention at Low-Level Radioactive Waste Sites. EPA 520/1-83-025, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Payne, T. E., and T. D. Waite. 1991. “Surface Complexation Modelling of Uranium Sorption Data Obtained by Isotope Exchange Techniques.” Radiochimica Acta, 52/53:487-493. Puigdomènech, I., and U. Bergström. 1994. Calculated Distribution of Radionuclides in Soils and Sediments. SKB Technical Report 94-32, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, Stockholm, Sweden. J.54
Puls, R. W., L. L. Ames, and J. E. McGarrah. 1987. Sorption and Desorption of Uranium, Selenium, and Radium in a Basalt Geochemical Environment. WHC-SA-0003-FP, Westinghouse Hanford Company, Richland, Washington. Rançon, D. 1973. The Behavior in Underground Environments of Uranium and Thorium Discharge by the Nuclear Industry. In Environmental Behavior of Radionuclides Released in the Nuclear Industry, pp. 333-346. IAEA-SM-172/55, International Atomic Energy Agency Proceedings, Vienna, Austria. Ritchie, J. C., P. H. Hawks, and J. R. McHenry. 1972. “Thorium, Uranium, and Potassium in Upper Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Eocene Sediments of the Little Tallahatchie River Watershed in Northern Mississippi.” Southeast Geology, 14:221-231. Rozhkova, Ye.V., Ye. G. Razumnaya, M. B. Serebrayakova and O. V. Shchebak. 1959. “Role of Sorption in Concentration of Uranium in Sedimentary Rocks.” Tr. II. Mezhdunar, knof. po miro nmu ispol’z. atom. energii. 3. Rubtsov, D. M. 1972. “Thorium and Uranium Content in the Clay Fraction of Podzolic Mountain Soils of Thin Forests.” Radioekol. Issled Prir. Biogeotsenozakh, 53-66 (in Russian). Salter, P. F., L. L. Ames, and J. E. McGarrah. 1981. The Sorption Behavior of Selected Radionuclides on Columbia River Basalts. RHO-BWI-LD-48, Rockwell Hanford Operations, Richland, Washington. Seeley, F. G., and A. D. Kelmers. 1984. Geochemical Information for the West Chestnut Ridge Central Waste Disposal Facility for Low-Level Radioactive Waste. ORNL-6061, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee Serkiz, S. M. And W. H. Johnson. 1994. Uranium Geochemistry in Soil and Groundwater at the F and H Seepage Basins (U). EPD-SGS-94-307, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Savannah River Site, Aiken, South Carolina. Serne, R. J., J. L. Conca, V. L. LeGore, K. J. Cantrell, C. W. Lindenmeier, J. A. Campbell, J. E. Amonette, and M. I. Wood. 1993. Solid-Waste Leach Characteristics and Contaminant- Sediment Interactions. Volume 1: Batch Leach and Adsorption Tests and Sediment Characterization. PNL-8889, Volume 1, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington. Sheppard, M. I., D. I. Beals, D. H. Thibault, and P. O’Connor. 1984. Soil Nuclide Distribution Coefficients and Their Statistical Distribution. AECL-8364, Chalk River Nuclear Labs, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, Canada. J.55
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United States Office of Air and Rad
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NOTICE The following two-volume rep
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This publication is the result of a
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TO COMMENT ON THIS GUIDE OR PROVIDE
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CONTENTS NOTICE ...................
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Concentrations Extractable Iron Con
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Appendix A - Acronyms and Abbreviat
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Figure E.1. Variation of K d for Cr
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Table 5.16. Uranium(VI) aqueous spe
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Table H.3. Simple and multiple regr
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1.0 Introduction The objective of t
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discussed. The geochemical modeling
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2.0 The K d Model The simplest and
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track many more parameters and some
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of interest. The retardation factor
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(e.g., soil). An increasing body of
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complexation constants for the cont
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the soil column. Additionally, the
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Element Table 5.2. Concentrations o
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5.2.3 Aqueous Speciation Cadmium fo
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5.2.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Cop
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cadmium, indicating that cadmium an
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5.2.6.2.2 Limits of K d Values with
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organic chelates (e.g., EDTA). Init
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(tarapacaite) in chromium sludge fr
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K d). Soils containing Mn oxides ox
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Table 5.7. Estimated range of Kd va
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most common valence state of lead e
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Table 5.8. Lead aqueous species inc
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Under reducing conditions, galena (
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C Adsorption of lead increases with
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(Choppin, 1983). Plutonium hydrolyt
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Table 5.10. Plutonium aqueous speci
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5.6.5 Sorption/Desorption Plutonium
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content in the system. Additionally
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much greater concentrations. Thus,
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exchanged which they attributed to
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up tables was based in part on thei
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organic complexes likely predominat
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Thorium undergoes hydrolysis in aqu
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The distribution of thorium aqueous
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from about 10 -8.5 mol/l (0.0007 mg
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Based on the assumptions and limita
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5.10 Tritium Geochemistry And K d V
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uranium. Uranium(VI) species domina
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gives 0.1 to 10 µg/l as the range
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mineral in reducing ore zones (Fron
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Percent Distribution 100 80 60 40 2
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5.11.6 Partition Coefficient, K d ,
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No attempt was made to statisticall
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Table 5.18. Selected chemical and t
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Another objective of this report is
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6.0 REFERENCES Adriano, D. C. 1992.
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Bensen, D. W. 1960. Review of Soil
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Metals by Geomedia. Variables, Mech
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EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection
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Griffin, R. A., A. K. Au, and R. R.
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+ Keeney-Kennicutt, W. L., and J. W
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Mattigod, S. V., A. L. Page, and I.
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Oscarson, D. W., and H. B. Hume. 19
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Relyea, J. F. and D. A. Brown. 1978
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Schultz, R. K., R. Overstreet, and
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Szalay, A. 1964. “Cation Exchange
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Yariv, S., and H. Cross. 1979. Geoc
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APPENDIX A Acronyms, Abbreviations,
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PC Personal computers operating und
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A.3.0 List of Symbols and Notation
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APPENDIX B Definitions
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Clay Content - particle size fracti
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Polynuclear Species - an aqueous sp
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C.1.0 Background Appendix C Partiti
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Cadmium K d Table C.2. Correlation
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C.3.0 Data Set for Soils Table C.4
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Cd K d (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt%) pH C
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D.1.0 Background Appendix D Partiti
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A second data set (see Section D.4)
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Table D.3. Correlation coefficients
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By transposing the CEC and cesium K
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Table D.6. Cesium K d values measur
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eported in Table D.8 are described
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a 1 b 1 Range of Solution Cs Concen
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Figure D.4. Generalized cesium Freu
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Table D.10. Estimated range of K d
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D.3.0 K d Data Set for Soils and Pu
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Cesium Kd (ml/g) Clay (wt.% ) Mica
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Cesium K d (ml/g) Clay (wt%) Mica (
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Bruggenwert, M. G. M., and A. Kamph
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Shiao, S. Y., P. Rafferty, R. E. Me
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E.1.0 Background Appendix E Partiti
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chromium-reductive soils may stem f
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E.2.0 Approach The approach used to
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Table E.3. Estimated range of K d v
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Table E.4. Data from Rai et al. (19
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E.4.0 References Davis, J. A. and J
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APPENDIX F Partition Coefficients F
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(CEC) of the soils. Such an anomaly
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Table F.1. Summary of K d values fo
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Figure F.2. Variation of K d as a f
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F.4.0 References Abd-Elfattah, A.,
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APPENDIX G Partition Coefficients F
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A number of investigators have exam
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pH value, which is typical of the m
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These significant reductions in ads
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This is typically accomplished by t
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The scatterplots are typically disp
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Table G.2. Regression models for pl
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G.4.0 References Barney, G. S. 1984
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Nelson, D. M., R. P. Larson, and W.
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APPENDIX H Partition Coefficients F
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1.6 ml/g for a measurement made on
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Figure H.1. Relation between stront
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Figure H.2. Relation between stront
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H.2.4 Approach Figure H.4. Relation
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A second look-up table (Table H.5)
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Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Content (%) pH C
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Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Content (%) pH C
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Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Conten t (%) pH
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Konishi, M., K. Yamamoto, T. Yanagi
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APPENDIX I Partition Coefficients F
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descriptive statistics of the thori
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Figure I.1. Linear regression betwe
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The look-up table (Table I.5) for t
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Thorium K d (ml/g) pH Clay (wt.%) C
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Rai, D., A. R. Felmy, D. A. Moore,
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J.1.0 Background Appendix J Partiti
Page 280 and 281: J.2.2 Uranium K d Studies on Soils
Page 282 and 283: Washington. The studies included an
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Page 286 and 287: Kd (ml/g) 100,000 10,000 1,000 100
Page 288 and 289: papers. Warnecke et al. (1984) indi
Page 290 and 291: Anderson et al. (1982) summarize an
Page 292 and 293: McKinley and Scholtis (1993) compar
Page 294 and 295: In a similar comparison of sorption
Page 296 and 297: J.3.1 K d Values as a Function ff p
Page 298 and 299: discussed, and one would have to ma
Page 300 and 301: al., 1992; and others). These refer
Page 302 and 303: · Manskaya et al. (1956) studied a
Page 304 and 305: concentrations of humic acid, there
Page 306 and 307: pH U Kd (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt.%) CE
Page 326 and 327: J.6.0 References Ames, L. L., J. E.
Page 328 and 329: Erikson, R. L., C. J. Hostetler, R.
Page 332 and 333: Sheppard, M. I., and D. H. Thibault
Page 334: Yamamoto, T., E. Yunoki, M. Yamakaw
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