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G.4.0 References Barney, G. S. 1984. “Radionuclide Sorption and Desorption Reactions with Interbed Materials from the Columbia River Basalt Formation.” In Geochemical Behavior of Radioactive Waste, G. S. Barney, J. D. Navratil, and W. W. Schulz (eds.), pp. 1-23. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. Barney, G. S. 1992. Adsorption of Plutonium on Shallow Sediments at the Hanford Site, WHC-SA-1516-FP, Westinghouse Hanford Company, Richland, Washington. Bell, J., and T. H. Bates. 1988. “Distribution coefficients of Radionuclides between Soils and Groundwaters and their Dependence on Various test Parameters.” Science of Total Environment, 69:297-317. Benjamin, M. M., and J. O. Leckie. 1981. “Conceptual Model for Metal-Ligand-Surface Interactions during Adsorption.” Environmental Science and Technology, 15:1050-1056. Bensen, D. W. 1960. Review of Soil Chemistry Research at Hanford. HW-67201. General Electric Company, Richland, Washington. Billon, A. 1982. “Fixation D’elements Transuraniens a Differents Degres D’oxydation Sur Les Argiles.” In Migration in the Terrestrial Environment of Long-lived Radionuclides from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, pp. 167-176, IAEA-SM-257/32. International Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna, Austria. Bondietti, E. A., S. A. Reynolds, and M. H. Shanks. 1975. “Interaction of Plutonium with Complexing Substances in Soils and Natural Waters.” In Transuranium Nuclides in the Environment, pp. 273-287, IAEA-SM-199/51. International Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna. Charyulu, M. M., I. C. Pius, A. Kadam, M. Ray, C. K. Sivaramakrishnan, and S. K. Patil. 1991. “The Behavior of Plutonium in Aqueous Basic Media.” Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 152: 479-485. Choppin, G. R., and J. W. Morse. 1987. “Laboratory Studies of Actinides in Marine Systems.” In Environmental Research on Actinide Elements, J. E. Pinder, J. J. Alberts, K. W. McLeod, and R. Gene Schreckhise (eds.), pp. 49-72, CONF-841142, Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U. S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. Dahlman, R. C., E. A. Bondietti, and L. D. Eyman. 1976. “Biological Pathways and Chemical Behavior of Plutonium and Other Actinides in the Environment.” In Actinides in the Environment, A. M. Friedman (ed.), pp. 47-80. ACS Symposium Series 35, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. G.15
Delegard, C. H. , G. S. Barney, and S. A. Gallagher. 1984. “Effects of Hanford High-Level Waste Components on the Solubility and Sorption of Cobalt, Strontium, Neptunium, Plutonium, and Americium.” In Geochemical Behavior of Disposed Radioactive Waste, G. S. Barney, J. D. Navratil, and W. W. Schulz (eds.), pp. 95-112. ACS Symposium Series 246, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. Duursma, E. K., and M. G. Gross. 1971. “Marine Sediments and Radioactivity.” In Radioactivity in the Marine Environment, pp. 147-160, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Duursma, E. K., and D. Eisma. 1973. “Theoretical, Experimental and Field Studies Concerning Reactions of Radioisotopes with Sediments and Suspended Particles of the Sea. Part C: Applications to Field Studies.” Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 6:265-324. Duursma, E. K., and P. Parsi. 1974. “Distribution Coefficients of Plutonium between Sediment and Seawater.” In Activities of the Int. Laboratory of Marine Radioactivity, pp. 94-96, IAEA-163. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria. Evans, E. J. 1956. Plutonium Retention in Chalk River Soil. CRHP-660. Chalk River Laboratory, Chalk River, Canada. Glover, P. A., F. J. Miner, and W. O. Polzer. 1976. “Plutonium and Americium Behavior in the Soil/Water Environment. I. Sorption of Plutonium and Americium by Soils.” In Proceedings of Actinide-Sediment Reactions Working Meeting, Seattle, Washington. pp. 225-254, BNWL-2117, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, Washington. Hsi, C. K. D., and D. Langmuir. 1985. “Adsorption of Uranyl onto Ferric Oxyhydroxides: Application of the Surface Complexation Site-Binding Model.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 49:1931-1941. Koehler M., E.Wieland, and J. O. Leckie. 1992. “Metal-Ligand Interactions during Adsorption of Uranyl and Neptunyl on Oxides and Silicates.” In Proceedings of 7th International Symposium On Water-Rock Interaction -WRI7. V1: Low Temperature Environment, Y. K. Kharaka and A. S. Maest (eds.), A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Mo, T., and F. G. Lowman. 1975. “Laboratory Experiments on the Transfer Dynamics of Plutonium from Marine Sediments to Seawater and to Marine Organisms.” CONF-750503-5, Technical Information Center. U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. Montgomery, D. C., and E. A. Peck. 1982. Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York. G.16
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United States Office of Air and Rad
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NOTICE The following two-volume rep
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This publication is the result of a
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TO COMMENT ON THIS GUIDE OR PROVIDE
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CONTENTS NOTICE ...................
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Concentrations Extractable Iron Con
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Appendix A - Acronyms and Abbreviat
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Figure E.1. Variation of K d for Cr
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Table 5.16. Uranium(VI) aqueous spe
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Table H.3. Simple and multiple regr
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1.0 Introduction The objective of t
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discussed. The geochemical modeling
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2.0 The K d Model The simplest and
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track many more parameters and some
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of interest. The retardation factor
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(e.g., soil). An increasing body of
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complexation constants for the cont
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the soil column. Additionally, the
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Element Table 5.2. Concentrations o
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5.2.3 Aqueous Speciation Cadmium fo
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5.2.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Cop
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cadmium, indicating that cadmium an
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5.2.6.2.2 Limits of K d Values with
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organic chelates (e.g., EDTA). Init
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(tarapacaite) in chromium sludge fr
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K d). Soils containing Mn oxides ox
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Table 5.7. Estimated range of Kd va
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most common valence state of lead e
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Table 5.8. Lead aqueous species inc
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Under reducing conditions, galena (
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C Adsorption of lead increases with
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(Choppin, 1983). Plutonium hydrolyt
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Table 5.10. Plutonium aqueous speci
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5.6.5 Sorption/Desorption Plutonium
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content in the system. Additionally
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much greater concentrations. Thus,
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exchanged which they attributed to
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up tables was based in part on thei
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organic complexes likely predominat
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Thorium undergoes hydrolysis in aqu
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The distribution of thorium aqueous
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from about 10 -8.5 mol/l (0.0007 mg
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Based on the assumptions and limita
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5.10 Tritium Geochemistry And K d V
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uranium. Uranium(VI) species domina
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gives 0.1 to 10 µg/l as the range
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mineral in reducing ore zones (Fron
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Percent Distribution 100 80 60 40 2
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5.11.6 Partition Coefficient, K d ,
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No attempt was made to statisticall
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Table 5.18. Selected chemical and t
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Another objective of this report is
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6.0 REFERENCES Adriano, D. C. 1992.
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Bensen, D. W. 1960. Review of Soil
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Metals by Geomedia. Variables, Mech
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EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection
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Griffin, R. A., A. K. Au, and R. R.
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+ Keeney-Kennicutt, W. L., and J. W
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Mattigod, S. V., A. L. Page, and I.
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Oscarson, D. W., and H. B. Hume. 19
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Relyea, J. F. and D. A. Brown. 1978
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Schultz, R. K., R. Overstreet, and
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Szalay, A. 1964. “Cation Exchange
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Yariv, S., and H. Cross. 1979. Geoc
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APPENDIX A Acronyms, Abbreviations,
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PC Personal computers operating und
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A.3.0 List of Symbols and Notation
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APPENDIX B Definitions
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Clay Content - particle size fracti
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Polynuclear Species - an aqueous sp
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C.1.0 Background Appendix C Partiti
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Cadmium K d Table C.2. Correlation
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C.3.0 Data Set for Soils Table C.4
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Cd K d (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt%) pH C
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D.1.0 Background Appendix D Partiti
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A second data set (see Section D.4)
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Table D.3. Correlation coefficients
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By transposing the CEC and cesium K
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Table D.6. Cesium K d values measur
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eported in Table D.8 are described
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a 1 b 1 Range of Solution Cs Concen
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Figure D.4. Generalized cesium Freu
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Table D.10. Estimated range of K d
Page 185 and 186: D.3.0 K d Data Set for Soils and Pu
Page 187 and 188: Cesium Kd (ml/g) Clay (wt.% ) Mica
Page 193 and 194: Cesium K d (ml/g) Clay (wt%) Mica (
Page 195 and 196: Bruggenwert, M. G. M., and A. Kamph
Page 197 and 198: Shiao, S. Y., P. Rafferty, R. E. Me
Page 199 and 200: E.1.0 Background Appendix E Partiti
Page 201 and 202: chromium-reductive soils may stem f
Page 204 and 205: E.2.0 Approach The approach used to
Page 206 and 207: Table E.3. Estimated range of K d v
Page 208 and 209: Table E.4. Data from Rai et al. (19
Page 210 and 211: E.4.0 References Davis, J. A. and J
Page 212 and 213: APPENDIX F Partition Coefficients F
Page 214 and 215: (CEC) of the soils. Such an anomaly
Page 216 and 217: Table F.1. Summary of K d values fo
Page 218 and 219: Figure F.2. Variation of K d as a f
Page 220 and 221: F.4.0 References Abd-Elfattah, A.,
Page 222 and 223: APPENDIX G Partition Coefficients F
Page 224 and 225: A number of investigators have exam
Page 226 and 227: pH value, which is typical of the m
Page 228 and 229: These significant reductions in ads
Page 230 and 231: This is typically accomplished by t
Page 232 and 233: The scatterplots are typically disp
Page 234 and 235: Table G.2. Regression models for pl
Page 238 and 239: Nelson, D. M., R. P. Larson, and W.
Page 240 and 241: APPENDIX H Partition Coefficients F
Page 242 and 243: 1.6 ml/g for a measurement made on
Page 244 and 245: Figure H.1. Relation between stront
Page 246 and 247: Figure H.2. Relation between stront
Page 248 and 249: H.2.4 Approach Figure H.4. Relation
Page 250 and 251: A second look-up table (Table H.5)
Page 252 and 253: Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Content (%) pH C
Page 254 and 255: Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Content (%) pH C
Page 256 and 257: Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Conten t (%) pH
Page 264 and 265: Konishi, M., K. Yamamoto, T. Yanagi
Page 266 and 267: APPENDIX I Partition Coefficients F
Page 268 and 269: descriptive statistics of the thori
Page 270 and 271: Figure I.1. Linear regression betwe
Page 272 and 273: The look-up table (Table I.5) for t
Page 274 and 275: Thorium K d (ml/g) pH Clay (wt.%) C
Page 276 and 277: Rai, D., A. R. Felmy, D. A. Moore,
Page 278 and 279: J.1.0 Background Appendix J Partiti
Page 280 and 281: J.2.2 Uranium K d Studies on Soils
Page 282 and 283: Washington. The studies included an
Page 284 and 285: and then decreases with increasing
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Kd (ml/g) 100,000 10,000 1,000 100
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papers. Warnecke et al. (1984) indi
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Anderson et al. (1982) summarize an
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McKinley and Scholtis (1993) compar
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In a similar comparison of sorption
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J.3.1 K d Values as a Function ff p
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discussed, and one would have to ma
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al., 1992; and others). These refer
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· Manskaya et al. (1956) studied a
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concentrations of humic acid, there
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pH U Kd (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt.%) CE
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J.6.0 References Ames, L. L., J. E.
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Erikson, R. L., C. J. Hostetler, R.
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R. C. Ewing. Materials Research Soc
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Sheppard, M. I., and D. H. Thibault
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Yamamoto, T., E. Yunoki, M. Yamakaw
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