Balancing of a Water and Air System (PDF

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26 Verify minimum flow setting. 13. Set terminals to minimum, and adjust the inlet vane or speed controller until minimum static pressure and airflow are obtained. 14. Temperature control personnel, balancing personnel, and the design engineer should agree on the final placement of the sensor for the static pressure controller. This sensor must be placed in a representative location in the supply duct to sense average maximum and minimum static pressures in the system. 15. Check return air fan speed or its inlet vane damper, which tracks or adjusts to the supply fan airflow, to ensure proper outside air volume. 16. Operate the system on 100% outside air (weather permitting), and check supply and return fans for proper power and static pressure. Fan Tracking As supply system airflows and pressures change, consideration must be given as to how the return air, outside air and relief air track. Volumetric Tracking Volumetric tracking is the preferred method of measurement. Tracking is accomplished by measuring the airflows of two fan systems. This maintains a difference for constant minimum outside air volume and building pressurization. Fan selection is critical to prevent surges or unstable operation of the controls. Surge can occur as the fan approaches a point where there is insufficient air entering the fan wheel to completely fill the space between the blades. Surge will be indicated by a fluctuation in CFM and static pressure, and will create a noisy operation. Sizing of the calibrated airflow station is also critical in the air handling unit operation. Unstable operation of controls occurs when the velocity drops below 600 fpm (3 m/s) where the air measuring station is out of range. Most transducers require at least 0.02”wc of pressure to operate properly. Consideration must also be made on the high end to not exceed the transducer’s range. Plenum Pressurization Tracking Plenum pressurization is the control of fan speed and minimum outside air volumes by constant plenum pressure. The control of supply fan speed or vane control is accomplished by maintaining a constant duct pressure at various volumes at a point designated for control, usually 2/3 distance down the supply duct. The minimum outside air volume is maintained with a constant mixed air plenum pressure controlling the return air damper. The purge (exhaust) damper is controlled by building pressure. The return fan speed is controlled by a constant return fan discharge plenum pressure. The 26
27 maximum out-side air damper for economizer is controlled by mixed air temperature. Prior to setting, the plenum pressure tracking, the supply, return and exhaust system must be balanced. The supply duct static pressure set point is measured and recorded (Point A) (Figure 10.1). With the system set for maximum airflow, return air damper closed, economizer and relief air dampers 100% open, set the return/relief airflow, adjust, measure and record. Read and record the discharge air static pressure of the return/ relief fan (Point B), which will be the static pressure controller set point. Set the building pressure controller to maintain and control the relief air dampers. Read and record the set point. Release the economizer dampers and set to minimum outside condition. Adjust the mixed air pressure sensor to obtain the minimum outside air. Read and record the mixed air pressure sensor set point (Point C). Set the supply system to minimum airflow and verify the mixed air pressure sensor is controlling by measuring and recording system static profiles with the system at maximum, a midpoint and minimum airflow. Induction Systems Most induction systems use high-velocity air distribution. Balancing should be accomplished as follows: 1. For apparatus and main trunk capacities, perform general VAV balancing procedures. 2. Determine primary airflow at each terminal unit by reading the unit plenum pressure with a manometer and locating the point on the charts (or curves) of air quantity versus 27
Page 1 and 2: Balancing of a water and air system
Page 3 and 4: 3 8 TBA (Testing, Balancing and Adj
Page 5 and 6: 5 Air Balancing Multiple Hood syste
Page 7 and 8: 7 87 Series Loop 88 One pipe main 9
Page 9 and 10: 9 Testing and Balancing HVAC A syst
Page 11 and 12: 11 13. Filter frame properly instal
Page 13 and 14: 13 13. Measure and record all requi
Page 15 and 16: 15 15 Example 3: Find the nearest s
Page 17 and 18: 17 For traverses taken in round duc
Page 19 and 20: 19 Flat Oval Duct Traverses For fie
Page 21 and 22: 21 Balancing Devices Volume Dampers
Page 23 and 24: 23 Turning Vanes Turning vanes (Fig
Page 25: 25 Balancing the VAV System The gen
Page 29 and 30: 29 determines how much energy is in
Page 31 and 32: 31 the water removing capacity of a
Page 33 and 34: 33 Table 8A Dry Bulb on left, Wet B
Page 35 and 36: 35 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40
Page 37 and 38: 37 Foot³ per 1lb Altitude 0 Feet A
Page 39 and 40: 39 Table 9 C Air Density at 29.29
Page 41 and 42: 41 41 Wet-Bulb (F) .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .
Page 43 and 44: 43 Table 11A Enthalpy at saturation
Page 45 and 46: 45 Table 11 C Enthalpy at saturatio
Page 47 and 48: 47 Wet bulb temperature____________
Page 49 and 50: 49 and replacement should be shut o
Page 51 and 52: 51 duct may be great; the balancing
Page 53 and 54: 53 Design below the 250°F limit (A
Page 55 and 56: 55 Differential Pressure Gauges The
Page 57 and 58: 57 Venturi The venturi is a device
Page 59 and 60: 59 Pressure Total pressure Velocity
Page 61 and 62: 61 Table 1 shows that if the coil i
Page 63 and 64: 63 adjustment of these devices is n
Page 65 and 66: 65 Grouting Motor and lubrication N
Page 67 and 68: 67 For every outside temperature ot
Page 69 and 70: 69 4. Identify the riser with the h
Page 71 and 72: 71 2. Turn the pump off 3. Close th
Page 73 and 74: 73 Net positive suction head availa
Page 75 and 76: 75 All automatic control valves mus
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77 77
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79 4. Read and record the actual pu
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81 13. Record the coils design and
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83 Air Control Air is always presen
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85 • allow draining of all or par
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87 Valves have linear throttling ch
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89 to all the terminals down the li
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91 Pump Circuits Primary-Secondary
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93 • Evaporator: • the design a
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95 95
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97 Condenser • the design and act
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99 • Each reading of liquid tempe
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101 • Design and actual entering
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103 differs from the average by mor
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105 • Orifice plate • Turbine m
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107 BTUH = GPM X 60 X 8.337 X ∆T
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109 Lam = lbs. of air per minute th
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111 When dry bulb temperature measu
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113 GPM = FPM X Gallons per foot FP
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