Maternal variation in Huichol and Mixtec populations from Mexico

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................... 3
Definition of basic terms used in the thesis: ............................................................................... 3
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 4
1. LITERATURE OVERVIEW ................................................................................................. 5
1.2 Mitochondrial molecular clock ......................................................................................... 6
1.3 Phylogenetic studies ......................................................................................................... 7
1.4 World mtDNA haplogroups ............................................................................................. 8
1.5 Native American mtDNA haplogroups ............................................................................ 8
1.4 Migration theories .......................................................................................................... 10
1.5 Minor founders ............................................................................................................... 11
1.6 Middle America .............................................................................................................. 12
2. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ................................................................................................. 15
2.1 Aims of this study ........................................................................................................... 15
2.2 Materials and methods .................................................................................................... 16
2.2.1 Samples .................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.2 DNA amplification .................................................................................................. 16
2.2.3 Product purification ................................................................................................. 17
2.2.4. Sequencing reactions .............................................................................................. 18
2.2.5 Statistical analysis ................................................................................................... 19
2.3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ........................................................................................ 21
2.3.1. Phylogenetic network ................................................................................................. 21
2.3.2. C4c haplogroup .......................................................................................................... 29
CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................... 33
KOKKUVÕTE ......................................................................................................................... 34
References ................................................................................................................................ 37
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS ........................................................................................ 45
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