Maternal variation in Huichol and Mixtec populations from Mexico

2.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
2.3.1 Phylogenetic network
All Mixtec and Huichol samples belong to American founder haplogroups A2, B2, C1 and
D1, with the exception of one Huichol belonging to minor haplogroup C4c.
The Southwest, Mesoamerica and Central America haplogroups frequencies in different
populations are shown in Figure 4. In the Mesoamerica dominates haplogroup A, while in the
Central America and in the Southwest the haplogroup A is less exposed, or even almost
absent like in the Southwestern USA (e.g. Zuni, Akimel O´odham, Jemez, Hualapai
populations). In several Mexican populations there has also not been found haplogroup A
(Cochimi, Delta Yuman, River Yuman populations), but they a considered closer to
Southwest. The haplogroup B is more frequent in the Southwest and Central America, than in
Mesoamerica. The haplogroup C frequency is relatively low in comparison with A and B
haplogroups, but is mostly exhibit in the Southwest and Cental America. The D haplogroup is
with the smallest frequency, but is found in small amount in some Mesoamerica, Southwest,
and in one Central America population. Haplogroup X is found only in Jemez and Navajo
populations from the Southwestern USA with really small frequency. The rare haplogroup
D4h3 is detected in one Tarahumara population from the North Mexico.
Present study of Mixtec and Huichol populations revealed results close to the published one.
The Mixtecs mostly exhibit haplogroup A (62%), which is a little different from the
previously published data (72%) (Kemp et al., 2010; Torroni et al., 1994; Sandoval et al.,
2009). Haplogroup B frequency is similar between published and present study (17%),
haplogroup C frequencies vary from 14% (present study) to 7% (published) (Kemp et al.,
2010; Torroni et al., 1994; Sandoval et al., 2009). The haplogroup D frequencies are low: 7%
and 3% accordingly. A little variety among both data is probably due to the small number of
samples studied. The haplogroup X was not found in Mixtec population.
The Huichol mostly exhibit haplogroup B (47%), which is close to previously studied Huichol
haplogroup B frequency (53%). The population exhibits less haplogroup A (33% and 31%
from both data). The haplogroup C frequency is only 16% and 20% accordingly. The
haplogroup D and haplogroup X are absent in Huichol population.
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