Maternal variation in Huichol and Mixtec populations from Mexico

2.3.2 C4c haplogroup
One Huichol individual was determined to belong to extremely rare C4c haplogroup. C4c has
been reported so far only in North America and two samples in Ijka population from
Colombia. To determine the phylogenetic relationship with previously published data the
mitochondrial genome of the Huichol sample was completely sequenced. Phylogenetic tree
construction was performed following a maximum parsimony approach. It was built using
newly determined full mtDNA genome and 16 previously published sequences. They
included: 1 by Tamm et al. (2007), 1 by Malhi et al. (2010) and 14 by Hooshiar Kashani et al.
(2011) (Figure 9).
Figure 9. The map of populations where is found C4c haplogroup. With the green colour are
shown the Canadian Native American populations. Red spots represent 12 populations from
the USA. The present study Huichol population`s location is marked with violet. With the
grey colour are marked populations determined by the HVS region analysis to carry C4c
haplogroup: the Kickapoo population from Cansas city, Oklahoma, USA; the Cherokee from
North Carolina, USA; the Chippewa from the Great Lakes, Canada; and the Oneota site,
Illinois, USA. Origin: modified from Hooshiar Kashani et al., 2011
The phylogenetic tree of C4c haplogroup is seen on Figure4. The haplogroup C4c is
characterized by the following mutations: 2232 insertion, 14433 and 15148. All haplotypes
(except one Canadian, one American and one Columbian) are clustered into C4c1 subclade by
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