Acanthaceae (PDF)

ACANTHACEAE 37122b. Anthers 2-thecous.24a. Flowers subtended by involucre of 2 or more pairs of floral bracteoles;corolla resupinate 180° (i.e., lip in upper position 3-lobed and lip inlower position entire to 2-lobed).25a. Septa with attached retinacula separating from inner wall of maturecapsule ....................................................................................................... 26. Dicliptera25b. Septa with attached retinacula remaining attached to inner wall ofmature capsule ........................................................................................ 27. Peristrophe24b. Flowers subtended by a single pair of bracteoles (or bracteoles rarelylacking); corolla not resupinate 180° (i.e., upper lip entire to 2-lobedand lower lip 3-lobed).26a. Staminodes 2.27a. Corolla ± salverform (i.e., tube slender and cylindric,limb spreading and inconspicuously 2-lipped), tubeconspicuously longer than limb, not or only slightlywidened distally ................................................................. 15. Pseuderanthemum27b. Corolla ± campanulate to strongly 2-lipped (notsalverform), tube not longer than limb, graduallywidened distally.28a. Corolla 3–4 cm; anther thecae 4–5 mm .................................. 16. Mackaya28b. Corolla less than 2 cm; anther thecae less than 3 mm.29a. Corolla campanulate, 6.5–10 mm, externallyglabrous; pollen 4-aperturate ............................... 22. Codonacanthus29b. Corolla strongly 2-lipped, 10–15 mm, externallypubescent (to subglabrous); pollen 3-aperturate............................................................................. 23. Cosmianthemum26b. Staminodes absent.30a. Upper lip of corolla lacking a stylar furrow on internalsurface; anther thecae lacking basal appendages.31a. Corolla 1.7–4.5 cm; anther thecae subequally to unequallyinserted; pollen 2-aperturate .................................................... 17. Isoglossa31b. Corolla less than 10 mm; anther thecae equally to subequallyinserted; pollen 3–5-aperturate.32a. Corolla glabrous outside ........................................ 19. Kudoacanthus32b. Corolla pubescent outside ........................................ 21. Leptostachya30b. Upper lip of corolla rugulate (i.e., with a furrow on innersurface of lip in which style resides); anther thecae (atleast lower theca) usually with a basal appendage.33a. Septa with attached retinacula separating from inner wallof mature capsule; inflorescence often dense with imbricatebracts 2- or 4-ranked (but only 2 ranks fertile) ........................... 20. Rungia33b. Septa with attached retinacula remaining attached to innerwall of mature capsule; inflorescence not as above.34a. Corolla not with combination of characters notedbelow ................................................................................. 24. Justicia34b. Corolla white or greenish white, tube narrowlycylindric, conspicuously longer than limb .............. 25. Rhinacanthus1. NELSONIA R. Brown, Prodr. 480. 1810.瘤 子 草 属 liu zi cao shuHu Jiaqi ( 胡 嘉 琪 Hu Chia-chi), Deng Yunfei ( 邓 云 飞 ); Thomas F. DanielHerbs, pubescent, without cystoliths. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate; leaf blade pinnately veined, margin entire. Inflorescencesaxillary or terminal spikes; bracts overlapping. Flowers ± spirally arranged, sessile, subtended by a bract; bracteoles absent.Calyx 4-lobed to base; lobes unequal, anterior lobe apically 2-cleft. Corolla tube slender, sometimes widening into a throat; limb 2-liped; lower lip 3-lobed, upper lip 2-lobed; lobes ± equal, descending cochlear in bud. Stamens 2, included or slightly exserted; filamentsbasally pubescent; anthers 2-thecous; thecae subspherical, muticous, opening at base by a pore that has a small flap; stami-