Acanthaceae (PDF)

448ACANTHACEAErolla throat; filaments 1.5–4 mm, glabrous or puberulent; antherthecae 1–1.5 mm. Ovary glabrous or apically hirsute; style glabrousor hirsute at basal portion; stigma 2-cleft. Capsule 1–1.5cm, finely pubescent. Seeds ca. 2 × 2 mm, with concentricridges of short linear warts. Fl. Jun–Sep.Moist forests; 900–1600 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [Bhutan,India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].22. CODONACANTHUS Nees in A. Candolle, Prodr. 11: 103. 1847.钟 花 草 属 zhong hua cao shuHu Jiaqi ( 胡 嘉 琪 Hu Chia-chi), Deng Yunfei ( 邓 云 飞 ); Thomas F. DanielHerbs, small, erect, perennial, with cystoliths. Leaves petiolate; leaf blade margin entire to subsinuate. Inflorescences of axillaryor terminal racemes, loose, when terminal sometimes branched and forming a panicle, pedicellate; bracts and bracteoles minute.Flowers 1(–3 or more) in only 1 axil per node. Calyx deeply 5-lobed; lobes subequal. Corolla white with colored markings on lowerlip, broadly campanulate; tube short; limb slightly 2-liped; lower lip 3-lobed; upper lip 2-lobed; lobes ascending cochlear in bud.Stamens 2, included in to slightly emergent from corolla tube; anthers 2-thecous; thecae unequal, subparallel, ± equally to subequallyinserted; staminodes 2, short. Ovary with 2 ovules per locule; stigma capitate to shallowly 2-lobed. Capsule with a solid stalk at base,fertile region ellipsoid, usually with a medial constriction, up to 4-seeded; retinacula present. Seeds ± discoid, surfaces and marginsmooth to ± rugose, lacking trichomes.Two species: E and S Asia; one species in China.1. Codonacanthus pauciflorus (Nees) Nees in A. Candolle,Prodr. 11: 103. 1847.钟 花 草 zhong hua caoAsystasia pauciflora Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 90.1832; Codonacanthus acuminatus Nees; Leptostachya repandaQ. H. Chen.Herbs 20–60 cm tall, much branched or unbranched. Stems4-angled, sulcate, 2-fariously pubescent. Petiole 3–15 mm,puberulent or glabrous; leaf blade elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate,(2–)4–12 × (0.5–)1.5–4.5 cm, thin, abaxially pale green andglabrous or sparsely pubescent on major veins, adaxially green,glabrous or with few large-celled hairs, and with numerouscystoliths, secondary veins 5–7 on each side of midvein, baserounded, cuneate, or attenuate and decurrent onto petiole, apexacute or acuminate. Racemes simple or terminal ones usuallyforming a panicle up to 15 cm; rachis puberulent; bracts lanceolateto linear, 1–2.5 mm, puberulent; bracteoles lanceolate,1–2 mm, puberulent. Pedicel 1–7 mm, puberulent. Calyx 2.5–4mm; lobes lanceolate, puberulent. Corolla white with purplespots at base of lower lip, 6.5–10 mm, glabrous; tube basallycylindric for 1–2 mm and 1–1.5 mm wide then abruptlywidened to 3.5–6.5 mm at mouth; lobes of lower lip 3.5–5.5 ×2–3.5 mm. Staminal filaments ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous; antherthecae 1.2–1.4 mm. Ovary glabrous; style 4–6.5 mm. Capsule1–1.9 cm, glabrous. Seeds 2–3 mm. Fl. and fr. Aug–Apr.Evergreen broad-leaved forests, wet places in ravines; below 100–1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Taiwan,Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Japan, Myanmar, Thailand,Vietnam].23. COSMIANTHEMUM Bremekamp, Blumea 10: 166. 1960.秋 英 爵 床 属 qiu ying jue chuang shuHu Jiaqi ( 胡 嘉 琪 Hu Chia-chi), Deng Yunfei ( 邓 云 飞 ); Thomas F. DanielHerbs, often prostrate then ascending, rarely erect, with cystoliths, isophyllous. Leaves petiolate or subsessile; leaf blade marginentire. Inflorescences terminal thyrsoid racemes or thyrses, sometimes with many-flowered cymes proximally and 1–3-floweredcymes distally; bracts small; bracteoles smaller than bracts. Calyx usually deeply 5-lobed; lobes subequal or slightly unequal, posteriorone sometimes shorter. Corolla white, greenish, or yellowish; tube straight or curved, sometimes with a dorsal pouch; throat shortor absent; limb 2-lipped; lower lip 3-lobed; upper lip emarginate or 2-lobed [or entire]; lobes ascending cochlear in bud. Stamens 2,inserted at throat; anthers 2-thecous; thecae equal or subequal, parallel, muticous at base; staminodes 2, inserted at base of upper lip.Stigma 2-cleft. Capsule stalked, 4-seeded; retinacula present.About ten species: SE Asia, especially Borneo; three species (two endemic) in China.Cosmianthemum resembles Pseuderanthemum in fruit and androecium but differs by the generally smaller corolla being distinctly 2-lipped (theupper lip only shallowly lobed) and lacking an elongate, narrow, cylindric tube; see B. Hansen (Nordic J. Bot. 5: 195–197. 1985) and B. L. Burtt andR. M. Smith (Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 26: 365–381. 1965).1a. Leaf blade ovate to broadly ovate, 4–9 cm wide .................................................................................................. 1. C. viriduliflorum1b. Leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate, ovate-elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, 1.4–7.3 cm wide.2a. Bracts abaxially gland-tipped pubescent; calyx outside gland-tipped pubescent ............................................ 2. C. knoxiifolium2b. Bracts abaxially non-gland-tipped pubescent; calyx outside non-glandular pubescent .................................. 3. C. guangxiense