Acanthaceae (PDF)

ACANTHACEAE 429sparingly 3-forked with subsessile flowers in opposite pairs(rarely solitary) in axils of leaflike bracts at tips of ultimatebranches; basal sterile bracts variable in size and shape, sessileor nearly so, oblong-lanceolate to sometimes ovate, elliptic, oroblong, 0.5–3.5 × 0.3–1.5 cm, often very unequal at each pair,abaxially densely stalked gland-tipped pubescent toward base,base attenuate, margin undulate and sparsely covered withstalked glands, apex acute; floral bracts oblong, ca. 5 × 1 mm,caducous, gland-tipped pilose; bracteoles oblong, ca. 2 × 1 mm.Calyx ca. 1.1 cm at anthesis, accrescent to ca. 2 cm in fruit, 5-lobed almost to base; lobes narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 1–1.5mm wide, subequal, densely covered with relatively short glandtippedtrichomes, apex obtuse. Corolla white flushed violet,2.5–3 cm, outside glabrous, inside pubescent; tube basally cylindricand ca. 3 mm wide for ca. 1 cm then gradually widenedto ca. 1.2 cm and bent to ca. 90° and then and widened to 1.2–1.5 cm at mouth; lobes broadly ovate, ca. 6 × 6 mm, apex obtuse.Stamens 4, included; filaments glabrous, shorter pair 1.5–2mm, longer pair 5–6 mm; anther thecae oblong, ca. 2 × 0.5 mm;pollen type 16. Ovary glabrous; style ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous. Capsulenarrowly clavate, ca. 2.2 cm, glabrous, 4-seeded. Matureseeds not seen. Fl. Sep, fr. Sep–Oct.● Forest margins on hills; ca. 1600 m. Xizang (Mêdog).128. Strobilanthes ferruginea D. Fang & H. S. Lo, Guihaia17: 29. 1997.锈 背 马 蓝 xiu bei ma lanPerilepta ferruginea (D. Fang & H. S. Lo) C. Y. Wu & C.C. Hu.Shrubs to 4 m tall, almost glabrous throughout, anisophyllous.Stems 4-angled, sulcate. Petiole to 3 cm; leaf bladebroadly elliptic, elliptic, or rarely ovate-elliptic, 4–18 × 2–8 cm,smaller of pair ca. 1/3 size of larger one, both surfaces denselycovered with cystoliths, abaxially ferruginous when dry, adaxiallydark green, secondary veins 7–11 on each side of midvein,base broadly cuneate, margin apically remotely crenate, apexacuminate to caudate. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, spikes,1–2.5 cm, few flowered; bracts elliptic to oblong, 3.5–4 × ca. 2mm, persistent, margin ciliate, apex truncate to rounded; bracteolesoblong to elliptic, ca. 7 × 2.5 mm. Flowers distant on rachis,usually only 1 fertile per node. Calyx ca. 9 mm; lobesoblong-oblanceolate, ca. 4 mm, margin ciliolate, apex obtuse.Corolla purple, 3–3.5 cm, ventricose, outside glabrous; tubebasally cylindric and ca. 2 mm wide for ca. 6 mm thengradually widened to ca. 1.4 cm at mouth; lobes ca. 5 mm, apexemarginate. Stamens 4, included; filaments sparsely hirsute,shorter pair ca. 2 mm, longer pair ca. 8 mm; anther thecae oblong,ca. 2 mm. Ovary glabrous; style ca. 1.8 cm, densely hirsute.Capsule oblong, 1.7–2 cm, glabrous, 4-seeded. Seeds ovatein outline, ca. 3 mm, densely covered with appressed trichomes.Fl. Oct–Dec.● Dense forests on rocky mountains; 400–800 m. Guangxi (Longzhou).8. PHAULOPSIS Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3: 4, 342. 1800 [“Phaylopsis”], nom. cons.肾 苞 草 属 shen bao cao shuHu Jiaqi ( 胡 嘉 琪 Hu Chia-chi), Deng Yunfei ( 邓 云 飞 ); Thomas F. DanielAetheilema R. Brown; Micranthus J. C. Wendland; Theileamea Baillon.Herbs, perennial [or annual], prostrate [to erect], with cystoliths, often anisophyllous. Leaves opposite, long petiolate; leaf blademargin entire or crenate. Inflorescences terminal [or axillary], secund strobilate spikes; bracts subleaflike, orbicular or reniform,imbricate; bracteoles [present or] absent. Flowers sessile. Calyx 5-lobed almost to base; lobes unequal, posterior one largest. Corollasmall; tube cylindric, slender; limb ± 2-lipped, lower lip 3-lobed, upper lip 2-lobed; lobes contorted in bud. Stamens 4, didynamous,included in corolla tube; filaments coherent at base; anthers 2-thecous; thecae parallel, base minutely mucronate [or not mucronate].Ovary with 2 ovules per locule; style hairy; stigma 2-lobed, lobes unequal. Capsule shortly stipitate, 4-seeded; retinacula present;septa with attached retinacula separating from inner wall of mature capsule. Seeds discoid, densely covered with hygroscopictrichomes.Twenty-two species: tropical Africa, E, SE, and S Asia; one species in China.1. Phaulopsis dorsiflora (Retzius) Santapau, Kew Bull. [3]:276. 1948.肾 苞 草 shen bao caoRuellia dorsiflora Retzius, Observ. Bot. 6: 31. 1791;Aetheilema anisophyllum (Jussieu) E. Meyer (1837), not R.Brown (1810); A. parviflorum Sprengel; A. reniforme Nees;Blechum anisophyllum Jussieu; Micranthus dorsiflorus(Retzius) C. E. C. Fischer; M. oppositifolius J. C. Wendland;Phaulopsis oppositifolia (J. C. Wendland) Lindau; P. parvifloraWilldenow, nom. illeg. superfl.Herbs 30–50 cm tall, slightly anisophyllous. Stems ascending,4-angled, brown retrorsely pubescent. Petiole 4–6 cm;leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 7.5–11 × 3.5–5 cm, papery, abaxiallypubescent along veins, adaxially hirsute, secondary veins ca. 6on each side of midvein, base cuneate to attenuate and slightlyoblique, margin entire, apex acuminate. Spikes terminal, 3–6cm; bracts orbicular to reniform, ca. 1 × 1.4 cm, gland-tippedpubescent. Calyx lobes outside gland-tipped pubescent; posteriorlobe ovate-elliptic, 8–10 mm, bractlike, other lobes linear tosubulate and 5–6 mm. Corolla white, ca. 6 mm; lower lip 3-lobed, lobes ovate-oblong and 1–2.4 × 0.6–1 mm; upper lip narrow,2-lobed. Staminal filaments glabrous. Ovary apex sparselygland-tipped pubescent; style pilose. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 6