Acanthaceae (PDF)

ACANTHACEAE 465Herbs to 1.2 m tall, erect, perennial. Stems hirsute, usually4- or 6-angled. Petiole 3–12 mm; leaf blade ovate to lanceolate,(1–)3–4.5 × (0.5–)1.5–2 cm, abaxially scabrid, adaxially slightlyscabrid, base attenuate to broadly cuneate, margin remotely serrulateand slightly ciliate, apex acuminate, acute, or sometimesrounded. Inflorescences of axillary pedunculate cymes with(1–)4(or more) involucres (cymes sometimes branching internally)in axils of leaves or bracts and collectively often forminga terminal leafy panicle-like complex; rachis and inflorescencebranches pubescent; outer involucral bracteoles unequal, abaxiallypubescent with gland-tipped (sometimes absent) and nonglandulartrichomes, larger outer involucral bracteole ± linear,ca. 10 × 2 mm, 1-veined, and apex acute and mucronate, shorterouter involucral bracteole subulate to lanceolate, ca. 6 × 0.1mm; inner involucral bracteoles narrowly linear to subulate,unequal in length. Calyx lobes lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, outsidesparsely pubescent with non-glandular trichomes, insidesparsely pubescent with sessile gland-tipped trichomes, marginmembranous at base, apex long acuminate. Corolla light to darkpurple, ca. 1 cm, outside pubescent with non-glandular trichomes;tube basally cylindric for ca. 5 mm; lip in lower positionnarrowly elliptic, 5–7 × 1–2 mm, apex emarginate; lip inupper position elliptic, 3–7 × 2–3 mm, 3-lobed. Staminal filamentsca. 5 mm, white hairy; anther thecae ovoid, superposed,not touching. Ovary ovoid, pubescent and glandular; style glabrous;stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 0.9–1.3 cm, pubescent withnon-glandular trichomes. Seeds 2.2–2.5 mm, rough and tuberculate.Fl. Aug–Dec, fr. Oct–Feb.Weedy areas, roadsides; 600–2200 m. Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan[Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan,Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; tropical Africa, Australia].3. Peristrophe yunnanensis W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot.Gard. Edinburgh 10: 187. 1918.滇 观 音 草 dian guan yin caoHerbs 1–2 m tall. Stems sulcate, densely grayish pubescentwhen young, later glabrescent. Petiole 1–10 mm; leaf bladelanceolate to ovate, 2.5–3 × ca. 1 cm, abaxially pubescent,adaxially sparsely puberulent especially on veins or glabrescent,base cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate. Outer involucralbracteoles linear, ca. 3 mm; inner involucral bracteoles 2.5–6mm. Calyx 5–7 mm; lobes linear, glabrous or subglabrous, apexacute. Corolla pink to violet, ca. 1.8 cm, outside slightly pubescent.Staminal filaments basally pubescent; anther thecae oblong,ca. 2 mm, parallel, inserted at same level, touching eachother. Capsule not seen. Fl. Apr, Aug.● Thickets; 1900–2200 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.4. Peristrophe tianmuensis H. S. Lo, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin8(1): 4. 1988.天 目 山 蓝 tian mu shan lanHerbs 30–35 cm tall. Stems 6-angled, pubescent. Petiole3–10 mm; leaf blade broadly ovate, 1.5–6 × 1–4 cm, bothsurfaces subglabrous, secondary veins 3–6 on each side of midvein,base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin entire, apexcuspidate to acute. Cymes terminal or pseudo-axillary; outerinvolucral bracteoles narrowly lanceolate, 3.5–6 mm, pubescent;inner involucral bracteoles similar to outer involucralbracteoles. Calyx ca. 3 mm; lobes linear, pubescent. Corollalight purple, ca. 2 cm; tube slender; lip in lower position oblong-elliptic,ca. 1 cm, apex emarginate; lip in upper positionoblong-spatulate, minutely 3-lobed. Staminal filaments 7.5–8cm, pubescent; anther thecae linear, parallel, inserted at differentlevels, touching each other for 2/3 of length. Ovary pubescent;style ca. 2 cm, glabrous. Capsule 8–9 mm, pubescent.Seeds ca. 1.2 × 1.2 mm. Fl. Aug, fr. Oct.● Thickets. Zhejiang (Tianmu Shan).5. Peristrophe strigosa C. Y. Wu & H. S. Lo, Fl. Hainan. 3:596. 1974.糙 叶 山 蓝 cao ye shan lanHerbs 40–100 cm tall, annual. Stems 6-angled, pubescent.Petiole 1.5–2.5 cm; leaf blade ovate to lanceolate-ovate, 7–13 ×3–5.5 cm, both surfaces densely pubescent, secondary veins 6–8 on each side of midvein, base broadly cuneate, margin entire,apex acuminate to shortly caudate. Cymes terminal or axillary,3(or 5)-branched, with 3–5 involucres; peduncle ca. 4 mm;outer involucral bracteoles ovate, ca. 5 × 2 mm, concave, apexaristate; inner involucral bracteoles subulate, ca. 2.5 mm. Calyxca. 5 mm; lobes linear-lanceolate, apex acuminate. Corolla purple,ca. 4.2 cm, outside pubescent; tube basally cylindric for ca.2.4 cm; lip in lower position elliptic-obovate, ca. 1.6 × 0.6 cm,apex obtuse to retuse; lip in upper position oblong, ca. 1.6 × 0.5cm, slightly narrowed at tip, 3-lobed, lobes suboblong and ca. 1× 1 mm. Staminal filaments ca. 1 cm, pubescent; anther thecaelinear, parallel, inserted at different levels. Ovary oblong, ca. 2mm, pubescent; style ca. 3.5 cm, glabrous. Capsule clavate, ca.1.7 cm, densely strigose-pubescent. Seeds ca. 2.5 × 2 mm,tuberculate-punctate. Fl. Nov–Jan, fr. Jan–Mar.● Dense forests. Hainan.6. Peristrophe montana Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 113.1832.岩 观 音 草 yan guan yin caoHerbs to 1 m tall, erect, glabrous. Petiole 1.5–4.5 cm; leafblade narrowly oblong, lanceolate, or rarely ovate, 4–9(–20) ×3–5 cm, both surfaces glabrous, secondary veins 6–8 oneach side of midvein, base rounded, margin entire, apex acute.Cymes terminal or axillary; peduncle 1.5–1.7 cm; outer involucralbracteoles various, broadly ovate to linear-lanceolate, 1–1.8× 0.2–1 cm, pinnately veined, base rounded to truncate, marginentire, apex obtuse; inner cymule bracteoles linear, 3–4 mm.Calyx ca. 5 mm; lobes linear. Corolla pink, 4.5–6 cm, outsideglabrous; lip in lower position elliptic, apex emarginate; lip inupper position oblong, 3-lobed. Filaments pubescent; antherthecae linear. Ovary glabrous; style glabrous. Capsule ca. 2 cm,shiny, glabrous. Seeds ca. 3 × 2.6 mm. Fl. Oct–Dec, fr. Dec–Feb.Wet shady cliffs. Hainan [India, Sri Lanka].7. Peristrophe bivalvis (Linnaeus) Merrill, Interpr. Herb.Amboin. 476. 1917.观 音 草 guan yin cao