Acanthaceae (PDF)

ACANTHACEAE 407Subshrubs to 20 cm tall, isophyllous. Stems ascending,usually rooting at nodes, glabrous but with cystoliths. Petiole 3–15(–20) mm, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic, (3–)5–10 × (1–)2–2.5cm, both surfaces with prominent cystoliths, abaxially palegreen to whitish and sparsely pubescent, adaxially pubescentbut soon glabrescent, secondary veins 5–7 on each side of midvein,base decurrent onto petiole, margin crenate to crenateserrate,apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, spikes, 1–2cm; rachis pilose; sterile bracts at base of inflorescence leaflike;floral bracts oblong to elliptic, 9–13 × 2–3 mm, pubescent;bracteoles oblong, ca. 8 × 1.5 mm, pilose with large-celled trichomes.Calyx lobes linear, 11–14 × ca. 1 mm, pubescent withsome trichomes gland-tipped. Corolla violet, 3–3.5 cm, subventricose,outside glabrous, inside glabrous except for trichomesretaining style; tube basally cylindric and ca. 2 mm wide for ca.1 cm then slightly curved and gradually widened to ca. 1 cm atmouth; lobes ovate, ca. 4 × 4 mm. Stamens 4, included; filamentspilose, shorter pair ca. 3 mm, longer pair ca. 6 mm; antherthecae oblong, 2.5–3 × ca. 0.8 mm; pollen type 4, requiresconfirmation. Ovary oblong, 3–4 mm, puberulent at tip withsome gland-tipped trichomes; style ca. 3 cm, villous. Capsulenarrowly oblong, ca. 13 × 3 mm, pilose, 4-seeded. Seeds orbicularin outline, ca. 3 × 3 mm, villous. Fl. Jun.● Dry places; 1800–2400 m. Yunnan.59. Strobilanthes vallicola Y. F. Deng & J. R. I. Wood, Bot. J.Linn. Soc. 150: 380. 2006.河 口 马 蓝 he kou ma lanHerbs 0.8–1.5 m tall, perennial, isophyllous. Stems black,4-angled, apically sulcate, glabrous. Petiole 1.3–2.5 cm, glabrous;leaf blade oblong-elliptic, 15–25 × 6.5–11 cm, both surfacesglabrous and with prominent cystoliths, abaxially palerand with prominent veins covered with cystoliths, secondaryveins 6–9 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, margin serrate,apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, spikes, 15–25cm, branched or rarely unbranched; rachis densely pilose withlarge-celled trichomes; bracts ovate-oblong, 8–12 × ca. 4 mm,persistent, pilose with large-celled trichomes and some glandtippedtrichomes; bracteoles lanceolate, 9–13 × 1.1–1.3 mm,persistent, pilose with large-celled trichomes and some glandtippedtrichomes. Flowers opposite pairs, sessile, 0.8–2 cmapart on rachis. Calyx 14–18 × 1–1.5 mm, persistent, pilosewith large-celled trichomes, some trichomes gland-tipped. Corollawhite, 3–3.5 cm, outside glabrous except for lobe margin,inside glabrous except for trichomes retaining style; tube basallycylindric and narrow for 1–1.5 cm then gradually ventricoseand strongly bent 1.5–2.5 cm from base; lobes ovate, ca. 4× 5 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens 4, included; filaments glabrous,shorter pairs 2–3 mm, longer pairs 3–5 mm; anther thecae oblong,3–4 × ca. 1 mm, glabrous; pollen type 9. Ovary ca. 3 × 1mm, glabrous; style ca. 2.5 cm. Capsule oblong, 1.5–2 × 0.2–0.3 cm, narrowed at both ends, comose, 4-seeded. Seeds ovateto suborbicular in outline, ca. 3 × 3 mm, pilose. Fl. Apr–Jun.● Moist places, stream and riversides in moist forests; below 200m. Yunnan (Hekou).60. Strobilanthes cognata Benoist, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.28: 189. 1922.奇 瓣 马 蓝 qi ban ma lanPteracanthus cognatus (Benoist) C. Y. Wu & C. C. Hu.Herbs to 50 cm tall, isophyllous, drying blackish. Stemsstout, 4-angled, lenticellate, glabrous. Petiole ca. 1 cm, glabrous;leaf blade oblong to lanceolate, 6–12 × 3–4.5 cm, bothsurfaces densely covered with small cystoliths, very sparsely pilosewith scattered large-celled trichomes, secondary veins 8–10 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, margin crenate, apexacuminate. Inflorescences terminal, spikes, 3–5 cm; bracts lanceolate,7–20 × ca. 6 mm, sparsely pilose with large-celledwhite trichomes, margin ciliate, apex acuminate; bracteoles oblong,ca. 11 × 2 mm, gland-tipped pilose, apex acute. Flowersimbricate on rachis. Calyx 1–1.2 cm, outside gland-tipped pilose,5-lobed almost to base; lobes linear, ca. 1 mm wide, apexacute. Corolla violet, 4–5 cm, ventricose, outside glabrous, insideglabrous except for trichomes retaining style; tube basallycylindric and ca. 3 mm wide for ca. 2.5 cm then graduallywidened to ca. 1.5 cm at mouth; lobes oblong, ca. 6 × 5 mm,apex obtuse. Stamens 4, included; filaments erect, shorter pairca. 6 mm, longer pair ca. 8 mm; anther thecae oblong, ca. 3 × 1mm; pollen type 4. Ovary glabrous except pilose at tip; style3.5–4.2 cm. Capsule ca. 1.8 cm, pilose at tip, 4-seeded. Seedsovate in outline, ca. 3 × 2.5 mm, densely appressed pubescent.Fl. Aug–Oct, fr. Nov–Dec.● Moist places by streams; 1200–1400 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan.61. Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 499.1891.板 蓝 ban lanGoldfussia cusia Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 88.1832; Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremekamp; Dipteracanthuscalycinus Champion; Ruellia indigofera Griffith; R. indigoticaFortune; Strobilanthes balansae Lindau; S. championii T.Anderson; S. flaccidifolia Nees.Herbs 0.5–1.5 m tall, erect, branched, drying blackish, isophyllousto weakly anisophyllous. Stems glabrous or minutelybrown puberulent. Petiole 0.5–7 cm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate,4–20 × 2–9 cm, both surfaces glabrous or abaxially minutelypuberulent along veins, abaxially paler green, adaxially darkgreen, secondary veins 7–9 on each side of midvein, base attenuate,margin serrate, apex acute. Inflorescences terminal or axillary,bracteate spikes, 1–6 cm, often aggregated to form a leafybranched panicle; peduncle 1–12 cm; bracts leaflike, petiolate,oblanceolate, obovate, or spatulate, 1.2–2.5 cm, basally usuallysterile; bracteoles linear-oblanceolate, 2–3 mm, deciduous beforebracts. Calyx 0.8–1.5 mm in flower, accrescent to ca. 2.5cm in fruit, minutely puberulent, 5-lobed almost to base; 4 lobeslinear-lanceolate, apex acute to obtuse; 1 lobe oblanceolate andmuch longer. Corolla blue, 3.5–5 cm, straight to slightly bent,outside glabrous; tube basally cylindric and ca. 3 mm widefor 1–1.5 cm then slightly curved and gradually widened to ca.1.5 cm at mouth; lobes oblong, ca. 9 × 9 mm, subequal. Stamens4, included; filaments glabrous, shorter pair ca. 3 mm,longer pair ca. 7 mm; anther thecae oblong, ca. 3 mm; pollentype 4. Ovary oblong, apex puberulent with few gland-tipped