Acanthaceae (PDF)

442ACANTHACEAEbrous with few sessile glands; branches slightly flattened; bractslanceolate, 1.5–2 × ca. 0.5 mm, glabrous or slightly glandtippedpubescent. Calyx 5–8 mm; lobes subulate, glabrous orgland-tipped puberulent. Corolla white with purplish dots, 1.7–4.5 cm, outside glabrous; tube basally cylindric for ca. 1/3 of itslength then gradually widening into a funnel-shaped throat; lips8–10 mm; lobes of lower lip oblong-elliptic, 3–6 mm, unequalwith lateral 2 narrower. Staminal filaments 4–10 mm, glabrous;anther thecae to 4.5 mm, equal, parallel, overlapping for ca. 1/2their length or more. Ovary glabrous; style glabrous. Capsule1–1.4 cm, glabrous. Seeds coarsely corrugated with irregularridges and often with minute acute protuberances. Fl. Aug–Nov.Evergreen broad-leaved forests, wetlands by streams; 300–2200m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India,Thailand].2. Isoglossa glabra (Handel-Mazzetti) B. Hansen, Nordic J.Bot. 5: 12. 1985.光 叉 序 草 guang cha xu caoChingiacanthus glaber Handel-Mazzetti, Sinensia 5: 12.1934.Herbs 40–100 cm tall, erect. Stems terete, glabrous. Petiole0.8–1.5 cm, minutely puberulent; leaf blade ovate-elliptic,5.8–7.5 × 3–3.5 cm, glabrous except puberulent on margin andmidvein, secondary veins 6 or 7 on each side of midvein, baserounded to constricted cuneate, apex attenuate. Inflorescencesterminal, interrupted panicles composed of cymes, ca. 10 × 2cm; rachis glabrous; bracts triangular, ca. 1.2 × 1 mm, glabrous.Calyx ca. 4.5 mm; lobes spatulate-oblanceolate, glabrous, apexacute. Corolla to 3.5 cm, outside glabrous, inside pubescent;tube basally cylindric for ca. 1/3 of its length then graduallywidening into a funnel-shaped throat; lobes of lower lip 3–5mm. Staminal filaments 4–6 mm, glabrous; anther thecae to2.5 mm, ± equal or with lower theca smaller, ± parallel, slightlyor not overlapping. Ovary glabrous; style glabrous. Capsule notseen. Fl. Aug–Sep.● Forests; ca. 1000 m. Guangxi.18. CLINACANTHUS Nees in A. Candolle, Prodr. 11: 511. 1847.鳄 嘴 花 属 e zui hua shuHu Jiaqi ( 胡 嘉 琪 Hu Chia-chi), Deng Yunfei ( 邓 云 飞 ); Thomas F. DanielShrubs or perennial herbs, with cystoliths. Leaves petiolate; leaf blade margin entire or sinuate-crenate. Inflorescences axillaryor terminal, thyrsoid racemes; bracts and bracteoles narrow. Calyx deeply 5-lobed, lobes narrow. Corolla putatively resupinate(apparently by geniculation rather than torsion); tube long, geniculate, apically widened; limb 2-lipped; lower lip slightly recurved,much broader than upper lip, 3-lobed; upper lip shortly 2-lobed; lobes ascending cochlear in bud. Stamens 2; anthers 1-thecous, basemuticous; staminodes absent. Stigma shortly 2-cleft. Capsule oblong, with a short basal stalk, 4-seeded; retinacula present.Three species: tropical Asia; one species in China.1. Clinacanthus nutans (N. L. Burman) Lindau, Bot. Jahrb.Syst. 18: 63. 1893.鳄 嘴 花 e zui huaJusticia nutans N. L. Burman, Fl. Indica, 10. 1768; Clinacanthusburmanni Nees, nom. illeg. superfl.; C. nutans var.robinsonii Benoist.Shrubs to 1 m tall. Stems terete, striate, glabrescent. Petiole0.3–2 cm, sulcate, bifariously pubescent; leaf blade lanceolate-ovate,lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, 7–12 × 1–4 cm, bothsurfaces pubescent when young then glabrescent except abaxiallypilose along veins, secondary veins 4–6 on each side ofmidvein and abaxially elevated, base cuneate to rounded, marginsubentire to sinuate-crenate, apex acuminate. Racemes 1 toseveral at or near shoot apex, usually 3 to several forming aterminal panicle; rachis gland-tipped pubescent; bracts andbracteoles linear, ca. 8 × 2 mm, abaxially gland-tipped pilose,apex acute. Calyx 0.9–1.3 cm; lobes linear, outside gland-tippedpilose, apex acute. Corolla dull red with a green base, 3–4.2 cm,outside gland-tipped pilose, inside glabrous except for a ring oftrichomes ca. 5 mm above base; tube basally cylindric for ca. 5mm and ca. 3 mm wide then gradually widened to ca. 6 mm atmouth; lower lip 1–2 × ca. 1 cm, with yellow streaks; upper liptriangular, 1–2 × ca. 0.5 cm, erect, apex emarginate; lobesovate, 3–5 × 1–2 mm. Stamens exserted from mouth of corolla;filaments 1–1.5 cm, glabrous; anthers ovate-linear, 4–5 × ca. 1mm, muticous. Style 3–3.7 cm, base sparsely pubescent. Capsuleca. 2 cm, pilose. Seeds ca. 2 mm in diam. Fl. Oct–Jan, fr.Mar.Thickets; below 700 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan[Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam].This species is used medicinally.19. KUDOACANTHUS Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 23: 94. 1933.银 脉 爵 床 属 yin mai jue chuang shuHu Jiaqi ( 胡 嘉 琪 Hu Chia-chi), Deng Yunfei ( 邓 云 飞 ); Thomas F. DanielHerbs, decumbent, often rooting at basal nodes. Leaves petiolate. Inflorescences terminal, spikes or sometimes in panicles withspicate branches, bracteate; bracteoles 2. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla tube short, distally slightly enlarged into a throat; limb 2-lipped;lower lip 3-lobed, lobes subequal; upper lip 2-cleft, lacking a stylar furrow (so far as known); lobes ascending cochlear in bud.