Acanthaceae (PDF)

428ACANTHACEAEleaf blade lanceolate to ovate, smaller pair at least 2/3 size oflarger one, 5–19 × 2–8.5 cm, glabrous, densely covered withlinear cystoliths, secondary veins 4–7 on each side of midvein,base oblique to rarely slightly oblique and attenuate or on verylarge leaves subcordate, margin serrulate, apex acuminate. Inflorescencesaxillary or terminal, panicles, to 30 cm, muchbranched; rachis angled at ca. 60°, glabrous or rarely pubescent,gland-tipped in fruit; bracts green, broadly obovate, 3–5 × ca. 2mm, concave, caducous, glabrous, becoming gland-tipped infruit, margin entire, apex retuse; bracteoles green, oblanceolateto narrowly elliptic, 3–4 × ca. 1 mm, concave, caducous, glabrous,margin entire, apex retuse. Flowers solitary on eachnode, distant on rachis. Pedicel 1.5–5 mm, glabrous. Calyx 8–10 mm, accrescent to ca. 1.3 cm in fruit, glabrous, sometimesapically gland-tipped pubescent, becoming densely glandtippedin fruit, 5-lobed almost to base; lobes narrowly ellipticwith one longer than others, apex acute to sometimes retuse.Corolla white, lilac, or (in cultivated forms) deep pink with awhite tube, 3.5–4 cm, subventricose, outside glabrous, insideglabrous except for trichomes retaining style; tube basally cylindricand ca. 2 mm wide for ca. 1.3 cm then slightly ventricoseand gradually widened to 1.4–1.8 cm at mouth; lobesovate, 4–5 × ca. 6 mm, apex rounded to retuse. Stamens 4,included; filaments glabrous; shorter filament pair ca. 1 mm,equal; longer filament pair 7–9 mm, unequal, erect; antherthecae white, spherical, ca. 1.2 mm in diam., partially recurved;pollen type 3. Ovary ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous; style ca. 3.8 cm,sparsely pubescent. Capsule green then dark purple, fusiform,1–1.5 cm, glabrous or with gland-tipped trichomes, 4-seeded.Seeds ovate in outline, ca. 3 × 2 mm, with long trichomes;areola small. Fl. Dec–Jan.Forests on mountain slopes; 800–2000 m. Xizang (Cona) [Bhutan,India, Myanmar, Nepal].Strobilanthes hamiltoniana is an ornamental plant. It is widelycultivated in tropical countries and in conservatories in temperate climates.The species is sometimes naturalized, occasionally becoming aninvasive weed as on the island of Réunion. Cultivated plants and plantsof cultivated origin seem always to be glabrous, pink-flowered, andsterile with dispersal being by cuttings or shoots broken off by grazinganimals.“Goldfussia tengyuehensis” (C. Y. Wu, Index Fl. Yunnan. 2: 1675.1984) belongs here but was not validly published.125. Strobilanthes tenuiflora J. R. I. Wood, Kew Bull. 58:691. 2003.纤 序 马 蓝 xian xu ma lanSubshrubs to 1 m tall, anisophyllous. Stems 4-angled, sulcate,glabrous. Petiole 0.1–3.4 cm, usually very short on smallerleaves, often sulcate, glabrous; leaf blade ovate to ovate-elliptic,1–13 × 0.5–8 cm, smaller of pair 1/4–1/3 size of larger one, glabrousexcept for multicellular trichomes in teeth sinuses, adaxiallycystoliths prominent, secondary veins 5–7 on each side ofmidvein and abaxially prominent, base oblique and broadly cuneate,rounded, or slightly cordate, margin slightly serrate tosubentire, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, panicles, to10 cm; peduncle to 3 cm, glabrous; rachis slender, glabrous,repeatedly 3-forked and bent to ca. 90º; bracts subulate, ca. 1mm, caducous; bracteoles similar to bracts. Flowers 1 per node.Calyx 4–6 mm, accrescent to ca. 8 mm in fruit, glabrous, 5-lobed almost to base; lobes oblong to oblong-lanceolate withone slightly longer than others, margin pale, apex emarginate.Corolla white, 3.2–4 cm, straight, outside glabrous, inside glabrousexcept for trichomes retaining style; tube basally cylindricand ca. 1.5 mm wide for 6–10 mm then slightly ventricoseand gradually widened to ca. 1.5 cm at mouth; lobes ovate, ca.5 × 5 mm, apex acute. Stamens 4, included; filaments glabrous,shorter pair ca. 0.5 mm, longer pair 4–5 mm; anther thecaespherical, ca. 1 mm in diam., partially recurved. Ovary glabrous;style 2.5–3.2 mm, glabrous. Capsule oblong, ca. 1.5 cm,glabrous, 4-seeded, apex acuminate. Seeds ovate in outline, ca.2 × 1.5 mm, puberulent. Fl. Oct.Forests; ca. 900 m. Yunnan (Cangyuan) [Thailand].126. Strobilanthes euantha J. R. I. Wood, Kew Bull. 58: 697.2003.腾 冲 马 蓝 teng chong ma lanHerbs 0.5–1.5 m tall, perennial, slightly anisophyllous.Stems dark green, deeply sulcate and ridged, glabrous. Petiole0–2.6 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate to ovate-elliptic, 4–20 × 3–12 cm, abaxially paler green and sparsely pilose along veins,adaxially dark green, pilose along margin, and with prominentcystoliths, secondary veins 5–8 on each side of midvein, basecordate to abruptly narrowed and often somewhat oblique, marginserrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, open panicles,to 15 cm; peduncle ca. 3 cm, gland-tipped pilose; rachisgland-tipped pilose; bracts obovate, 1–2 mm, caducous beforeflowers open, apex rounded; bracteoles similar to bracts. Flowersdistant on rachis, usually 1 per node. Pedicel ca. 3 mm,gland-tipped pilose. Calyx ca. 4 mm, accrescent to ca. 7 mm infruit, glabrous, 5-lobed to ca. 1 mm from base; lobes oblong tooblanceolate, apex truncate to emarginate. Corolla pale lavenderto pale pink, 2.2–3.5 cm, arcuate, glabrous; tube basally cylindricand narrow for 0.6–1.9 cm then ventricose and widenedto 8–10 mm at mouth; lobes ovate, ca. 4 × 4 mm, apex acute.Stamens 4; filaments glabrous; shorter filament pair ca. 2 mm,incurved; longer filament pair 1–1.2 cm, erect, slightly exserted;anther thecae spherical, ca. 1 mm in diam. Ovary glabrous;style 2.2–2.7 cm, glabrous. Capsule narrowly oblongobovoid,ca. 1.4 cm, glabrous, 4-seeded, apex acuminate. Seedsovate-suborbicular in outline, ca. 2.5 × 2 mm, pubescent. Fl.Sep–Oct, fr. Dec.Forests; 1500–2100 m. Yunnan (Gaoligong Shan) [Myanmar].127. Strobilanthes parvifolia J. R. I. Wood, Kew Bull. 64: 25.2009.小 叶 马 蓝 xiao ye ma lanHerbs, perennial, anisophyllous. Stems somewhat sulcatewith distinct small parallel ridges, glabrous, basally geniculate.Petiole 0–4 mm, glabrous; leaf blade lanceolate, ovate, orovate-elliptic, 1–3.5 × 1–1.8 cm, smaller of pair ca. 1/3 size oflarger one, both surfaces glabrous and with somewhat obscurecystoliths or rarely abaxially with a few gland-tipped trichomeson veins, base broadly to narrowly cuneate and somewhat decurrentonto petiole, margin undulate to slightly crenate, apexacute. Inflorescences leaflike with long few-flowered branches;branches strict, densely covered with short stalked glands,