Acanthaceae (PDF)

462ACANTHACEAE1. Rhinacanthus beesianus Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh5: 164. 1912.滇 灵 枝 草 dian ling zhi caoShrubs to 1.5 m tall. Stems 4-angled, subglabrous. Petiole0–4 mm; leaf blade narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, 20–24 ×6–8 cm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially slightly pubescent, secondaryveins 8–10 on each side of midvein, base attenuate anddecurrent onto petiole, margin slightly undulate to subentire,apex acute. Panicles terminal, 12–15 × 8–9 cm; bracts leaflike,lanceolate, 0.8–1.2 × 0.3–0.4 cm. Flowers pedicellate. Calyxlobes linear, ca. 10 × 1.5 mm, pubescent, 1-veined, apex acute.Corolla white, fragrant, outside gland-tipped pubescent; tube ca.4 cm; lower lip lobes elliptic, 2–2.5 cm; upper lip ca. 2 cm,apex 2-cleft. Stamens ca. 1 cm. Fl. Aug–Sep.● Open dry situations on mountain slopes; 2100–2400 m. Yunnan.2. Rhinacanthus nasutus (Linnaeus) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 39: 79. 1870.灵 枝 草 ling zhi caoJusticia nasuta Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 16. 1753; Rhinacanthuscommunis Nees.Subshrubs or perennial herbs, to 1.5 m tall. Stems stout, ±4-angled, faintly striate, densely pubescent when young thenglabrescent. Petiole 0.5–1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate-elliptic,or rarely lanceolate, 2–7(–11) × 0.8–3 cm, abaxially denselypubescent, adaxially sparsely pubescent to subglabrous, secondaryveins 5 or 6 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, marginentire or slightly undulate, apex shortly acuminate to acute.Panicles terminal or axillary, to 50 cm; rachis densely pubescent;bracts lanceolate, to 2 × 0.5 mm; bracteoles ca. 1 mm.Flowers sessile to subsessile. Calyx ca. 5 mm, both surfacespubescent; lobes lanceolate, ca. 4 × 0.7 mm. Corolla greenishwhite, 2.1–2.7 cm, outside pubescent with gland-tipped andnon-glandular trichomes; tube 1.5–1.8 cm; lower lip 0.75–1.2cm, lobes 2–4 mm and subequal; upper lip linear-lanceolate, 6–7.5 mm, erect. Staminal filaments glabrous. Style sparsely pubescent.Capsule ca. 2 × 0.3 cm, pubescent with gland-tippedtrichomes. Seeds ca. 2.5 × 2.2 mm, papillose. Fl. Oct–Dec. 2n =30.Thickets, forests, cultivated around villages; below 700 m. Guangdong,Hainan, Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Madagascar].26. DICLIPTERA Jussieu, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 9: 267. 1807, nom. cons.狗 肝 菜 属 gou gan cai shuHu Jiaqi ( 胡 嘉 琪 Hu Chia-chi), Deng Yunfei ( 邓 云 飞 ); Thomas F. DanielDiapedium K. D. Koenig.Herbs, diffuse, annual, biennial, or perennial [or sometimes shrubs], with cystoliths; young stems ± 6-angled in cross-section.Leaves petiolate; leaf blade margin entire or subsinuate. Inflorescences of cymes in leaf axils or in terminal spikelike thyrses orpanicles of thyrses. Flowers subtended by an involucre of several pairs of bracteoles (= cymule); outermost pair equal or unequal insize, usually concealing inner pair(s), calyx, and base of corolla. Calyx deeply 5-lobed; lobes narrow, equal, apex acute. Corolla pink,resupinate 180° by torsion of tube; tube slender, widened apically, limb 2-lipped; lower lip (in upper position) 3-lobed, lobesascending cochlear in bud; upper lip (in lower position) entire or emarginate. Stamens 2, exserted from mouth of corolla; anthers 2-thecous; thecae unequally inserted to superposed, base muticous; staminodes absent. Stigma 2-cleft. Capsule substipitate or stipitate,2–4-seeded; retinacula present; placenta with retinacula separating elastically and rising from inner capsule wall at dehiscence. Seedslenticular, papillate, lacking trichomes.About 100 species: tropical and temperate regions worldwide; four species (two endemic) in China.1a. Outer bracteoles oblong-lanceolate to oblanceolate, greater than 2 × as long as wide.2a. Outer bracteoles oblong-lanceolate, 5–7 mm, sparsely covered with white or grayish trichomes orglabrescent; corolla ca. 0.5 cm ........................................................................................................................ 1. D. bupleuroides2b. Outer bracteoles oblanceolate, 10–14 mm, densely covered with yellow trichomes; corolla ca. 1.5 cm ................. 2. D. induta1b. Outer bracteoles elliptic, subcircular, or obovate, less than 2 × as long as wide.3a. Corolla pale purple, 1–1.2 cm; outer bracteoles 0.5–1.3 × 0.3–0.8 cm ................................................................ 3. D. chinensis3b. Corolla pinkish red, ca. 1.8 cm; outer bracteoles 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 cm ....................................................................... 4. D. elegans1. Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3:111. 1832.印 度 狗 肝 菜 yin du gou gan caiDicliptera roxburghiana Nees var. bupleuroides (Nees) C.B. Clarke.Herbs to 50 cm tall. Stems sulcate, pubescent. Petiole 5–10mm; leaf blade ovate, 3.5–7 × 1.8–2.8 cm, glabrous or with 2-celled trichomes, secondary veins 4 or 5 on each side of midvein,base cuneate, margin subentire, apex acuminate. Inflorescencesaxillary and subsessile or sometimes terminal and shortlypedunculate, cymes, many flowered; peduncle 3–5 mm; bractslanceolate, 2–3 mm; outer bracteoles green, oblong-lanceolate,5–7 × ca. 2 mm, abaxially pubescent, base cuneate, marginentire and ciliate, apex mucronate; inner bracteoles green withyellowish margin, lanceolate, ca. 4 × 1.5 mm. Calyx ca. 3 mm;lobes subulate, pubescent. Corolla ca. 5 mm, outside pubescent;lip in lower position orbicular, ca. 1.5 × 1.5 mm; lip in upperposition oblong, ca. 2 × 1 mm, 3-lobed, lobes ovate and ca. 0.3× 0.3 mm. Staminal filaments ca. 2 mm; anther thecae spheri-