Acanthaceae (PDF)

ACANTHACEAE 4491. Cosmianthemum viriduliflorum (C. Y. Wu & H. S. Lo) H.S. Lo, Guihaia 17: 42. 1997.海 南 秋 英 爵 床 hai nan qiu ying jue chuangGraptophyllum viriduliflorum C. Y. Wu & H. S. Lo, Fl.Hainan. 3: 594. 1974.Herbs to 60 cm tall, erect, perennial. Stems terete, glabrous;branches yellowish brown, pubescent. Petiole 1–2.5 cm,pubescent; leaf blade ovate to broadly ovate, 7–15 × 4–9 cm,both surfaces glabrous, abaxially light green, adaxially darkgreen and lustrous, secondary veins 5–7 on each side of midveinand netted near margin, base broadly cuneate to subrounded,margin entire or inconspicuously undulate, apex acuminate,caudate, or sometimes acute. Thyrses terminal, 4–10cm; peduncle 1–4 cm; rachis pubescent; bracts linear, 1–1.5 ×ca. 0.5 mm; bracteoles linear, ca. 1 × 0.5 mm. Pedicel 2–2.5mm. Calyx ca. 5 mm, gland-tipped pubescent; lobes linear-lanceolate,apex acuminate. Corolla light greenish yellow, ca. 1.2cm, outside and inside pubescent; lobes of lower lip oblonglanceolate,ca. 3 × 0.6 mm, subacute at apex; upper lip erect,apex 2-cleft to emarginate. Staminal filaments ca. 4 mm, pubescent;anther thecae ca. 2 mm; staminodes ca. 2 mm, sparselypubescent. Ovary glabrous; style ca. 6 mm, sparsely pubescent.Capsule ca. 2 cm. Seeds not seen. Fl. Jul–Oct.● Forests; 700–1000 m. Hainan.2. Cosmianthemum knoxiifolium (C. B. Clarke) B. Hansen,Nordic J. Bot. 5: 195. 1985.秋 英 爵 床 qiu ying jue chuangGymnostachyum knoxiifolium C. B. Clarke, J. Asiat. Soc.Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74: 663. 1908; Pseuderanthemumparviflorum Ridley; Ptyssiglottis parviflora (Ridley) Ridley;Sphinctacanthus malayanus Ridley.Shrubs to 50 cm tall or more. Stems terete, puberulent.Petiole 1–1.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate, 8–20× 1.8–7.3 cm, leathery, abaxially puberulent along veins andmargin, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins 8–10 on each sideof midvein, base cuneate, margin remotely serrate or subentire,apex acuminate to attenuate. Thyrses terminal, (5.5–)10–30(–60) cm; rachis brownish pubescent with few gland-tippedtrichomes; bracts lanceolate, 2–3 × 0.5–1 mm, gland-tipped pubescent;bracteoles subulate, 1–2 × ca. 0.5 mm. Pedicels 1–3mm, pubescent. Calyx 2.5–5 mm, outside gland-tipped pubescent;lobes lanceolate, outside scaly hairy. Corolla white to paleyellow with purple spots on lower lip, ca. 1.5 cm, outside pubescent;tube ca. 5 mm; upper lip erect, apically 2-lobed toemarginate. Staminal filaments 6–7 mm, glabrous; staminodesca. 1 mm, pubescent. Ovary gland-tipped pubescent; style pubescent.Capsule 2–2.7 cm, puberulent. Seeds ovate in outline,ca. 2 × 2 mm, flattened, irregularly ridged or warty, lackingtrichomes. Fl. May–Sep, fr. Sep–Dec.Dense montane forests; 400–500 m. Hainan [Malaysia, Thailand,Vietnam].3. Cosmianthemum guangxiense H. S. Lo & D. Fang, Guihaia17: 42. 1997.广 西 秋 英 爵 床 guang xi qiu ying jue chuangCosmianthemum longiflorum D. Fang & H. S. Lo.Herbs to 70 cm tall, branched or unbranched. Stems 4-angled to subterete, sulcate, sparsely pubescent. Petiole 0.5–1cm, grooved, pilose; leaf blade ovate-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate,2–13.5 × 1.4–4 cm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially pilosetoward base or along veins, secondary veins 5–7 on each side ofmidvein, base rounded to cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate.Thyrses terminal, 3–10 cm; rachis pilose; peduncle(0.5–)1–3 cm, pubescent; cymes 1–6-flowered; bracts triangular-subulate,ca. 1.5 × 0.5 mm, pilose; bracteoles similar tobracts. Pedicel 1–3 mm. Calyx 3–4 mm, outside pilose; lobeslinear, apex acute. Corolla white or yellowish green, 1–1.5 cm,outside sparsely pubescent to subglabrous, inside glabrous; tubeca. 1.5 mm wide for 4–5 mm; lower lip 6–7 × 3.5–5 mm, lobesovate and ca. 1 × 1 mm; upper lip ovate, 5–6 × ca. 5 mm.Staminal filaments 4–5 mm, glabrous; thecae ca. 2 mm. Ovaryglabrous; style 0.9–1.1 cm, sparsely hirsute to subglabrous.Capsule and seeds not seen. Fl. Oct.● Forests; ca. 400 m. Guangxi.24. JUSTICIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 15. 1753.爵 床 属 jue chuang shuHu Jiaqi ( 胡 嘉 琪 Hu Chia-chi), Deng Yunfei ( 邓 云 飞 ); Thomas F. DanielAdatoda Adanson; Adhatoda Miller; Calophanoides Ridley; Ecbolium Kuntze (1891), not Kurz (1871); Gendarussa Nees;Mananthes Bremekamp; Rhaphidospora Nees; Rostellaria Nees (1832), not C. F. Gaertner (1807); Rostellularia Reichenbach.Herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs, cystoliths present. Leaves sessile or petiolate; leaf blade margin usually entire but sometimessinuate or slightly serrate. Inflorescences dichasia (sometimes reduced to a single flower) in leaf axils or axillary or terminal spikes,racemes, or thyrses, sometimes branched and becoming panicles; bracts variable in shape, sometimes prominent and/or brightlycolored; bracteoles 2, similar to or smaller than bracts. Calyx deeply 4- or 5-lobed; lobes equal or subequal. Corolla tubular orfunnel-shaped; limb strongly 2-lipped; lower lip 3-lobed; upper lip entire to 2-lobed, internally rugulate (i.e., with a stylar furrow);lobes ascending cochlear in bud. Stamens 2; anthers 2-thecous; thecae equally or unequally inserted, parallel to perpendicular,one or both spurred at base or sometimes lacking basal appendages; staminodes absent. Ovary with 2 ovules per locule;stigma slightly 2-lobed. Capsule with a sterile basal stalk and a fertile head (i.e., ± clavate), 2–4-seeded; retinacula present. Seedscompressed [to spheric].About 700 species: tropical and temperate regions worldwide; 43 species (26 endemic, three introduced) in China.