Chemical and toxicological properties of coal fly ash - University of ...

Table 23. The range of concentrations and recommended water quality levels for chemical constituents measuredin test solutions of 13.Range ofRecommended waterChemical concentrations qua1 i ty 1 eve1 s r2 (d)constituent (mg/L) a ( m w Change' rcaAl 1 values in mg/L except pH.balues are MATES cited from Cleland and Kingsbury (1977) unless another source isindicated.CValues of r2 and r represent the results from multiple and simple linearregression analyses of the relationship between mortality observed in the testsolutions of the extract and the concentrations of each chemical constituentmeasured in those test solutions.d~rom Quality Criteria for Water 1976 (U.S. EPA, 1976).higher concentrations of various chemical constituents in the testsolutions of I7 than were found for I3 or W2. The concentrations of B, Cd,Mn, Ni, SO4, and Zn exceeded recommended levels in the test solutions(Table 24). However, B, Cd, Mn, Ni , and SO4 were probably not present insufficient concentrations by thelnselves to cause mortality according totoxicity data available in the 1 iterature (Cardwell, 1976; Cleland andKingsbury, 1977; Pickering and Gast, 1972; Pickering, 1974; Pickering andHenderson, 1966).Zinc concentrations ranged from 0.21 mg/L to 0.63 mg/L in the I7 testsolutions (Table 24). Toxic effects of Zn on fathead minnows having mean 96-hour LC-50 values of 0.6 mg/L Zn in duplicate flow-through acute bioassaysincluded mortal ity at concentrations as low as 0.294 mg/L of Zn (Benoit andHolcombe, 1978). However, 8-week-old fathead minnows and soft water (46mg/L as CaC03) were used in their experiments. Chapman (1978) reported that