Chemical and toxicological properties of coal fly ash - University of ...

The green sunfish exposed to t t accumulated e same elementsas the fathead minnows althoug ese constitue accumulated to alesser degree.resent in the green sunfishexposed to thecontrols. Theexposed to the IFinally, the composition of the extracts generated from samples I7 and I2were similar. The accumulation of elements Prom the I2 extract by the testorganisms also was similar to that observe in test organisms exposed to17. The chemical constituents accumul ated to the reatest degree by thefathead minnows were B, Cd, Mn, NO, and 8). The concentrationfactors for 5, Cd, Mn, Ma, and Ni in fat posed to the 12extract were 0.3, >Q.3, 81.8, L2, and >22.1, respectively.The green sunfish exposed to the I2 extract accumulated the same chemicalcsnsti tuents awere accumul atsunf i sh expose7.0 times, respectively,those measuredors for B and Mo ingreen sunfishThe six most frequently accumulated chemical constituents from the fly ashextracts were Al, B, C , Mn, MO, and i, Other chemical constituents wereaccumulated, but these elements were accumulated to the greatest extent.In most situations, the results of the chemical analyses of the extractsand the LC-50 determinations did not indicate which chemical constituentswould be accumulated. The United States Food and Drug Admini tration (FDA)currently lists Hg, Pb, Cd, As, Se, and Zn at the top of the riority listin its program concerning toxic elements in food (Jelinek and Cornel i ussen,77). Of these, only Hg has an FDB-specified regulatory limit for fishd shellfish (Anonymous, 1974); FDA guidelines for other metals in foodshave no% been establishe (Phi l l ips and Russo, 1978).Aluminum is an elementand it rarely prAluminum has a ronsumption ofthe low toxicity of A1is relatively inert on biological processes,raeder and Darndency in fresBoron is used in a process for bleaching ulverized wood by the pulp andpaper industry (Thompson et al., l976), a(Phi 11 ips and Russo, l978), and as a neutroinstallations (National Academy of Science,fly ash from fossil fuels. Boron generallytendency in freshwater fish and a low toxicity to aquatic organisms and tohurnans (Phi 11 ips and Russo, 1978).Cadmium is rare in nature, but is highly toxic (National Academy ofScience, 1973). Inhalation or ingestion of Cd produces both acute andchronic health effects. Cadmium poisonings in urnans resulting from oralconsumption or inhalation are well documented ( assett, 1975; Flick et al.,1971; Voors and Shuman, 1977; American ConIndustrial Hygientists, 1974; Stokinger, 1